A nurse is reinforcing teaching to a client who is to undergo electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for depression. Which of the following information should the nurse provide?

A. Inappropriate guilt is a common symptom of depression, but it does not involve false beliefs about being targeted. Clients with major depressive disorder may feel excessive guilt, but this differs from the fixed, false beliefs seen in delusions.
B. Mania is characterized by elevated mood, impulsivity, and hyperactivity rather than paranoid thoughts. While manic episodes may include grandiose delusions, the belief that a government agency is attempting to capture the client aligns more with persecutory delusions.
C. Delusions are fixed, false beliefs that persist despite evidence to the contrary. The client’s statement suggests a persecutory delusion, which is commonly seen in psychotic disorders, including severe depression with psychotic features.
D. Confusion involves disorganized thinking, memory impairment, or difficulty understanding surroundings, often seen in delirium or cognitive disorders. While delusions can contribute to disorganized thoughts, they are distinct from general confusion.

A. Dialectical behavior therapy. Dialectical behavior therapy is primarily used for borderline personality disorder, focusing on emotional regulation, distress tolerance, and mindfulness. It is not the primary therapy for avoidant personality disorder.
B. Antipsychotic medications. Antipsychotic medications are typically used to manage symptoms of psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia. Avoidant personality disorder does not involve psychosis and is better managed with psychotherapy.
C. Interpersonal therapy. Interpersonal therapy is beneficial for avoidant personality disorder as it focuses on improving social skills, self-esteem, and communication. This therapy helps clients develop healthier relationships and overcome fears of rejection.
D. Antidepressant medications. While antidepressants may be used to treat co-occurring conditions such as depression or anxiety, they do not directly address the core features of avoidant personality disorder. Psychotherapy remains the primary treatment.