A nurse is reviewing a client's MRI results that show cortical thinning. The nurse should identify that this finding is evident in which of the following types of dementia?
HIV infection
Alzheimer's disease
Prion disease
Substance use disorder
The Correct Answer is B
B In Alzheimer's disease, cortical thinning typically begins in the temporal and parietal lobes of the brain, areas associated with memory, language, and higher cognitive functions. As the disease progresses, cortical thinning may extend to other regions of the brain, contributing to the worsening cognitive decline seen in affected individuals.
A. HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) can result in various structural and functional changes in the brain, including cortical atrophy, but cortical thinning is not a specific hallmark of HIV infection-related dementia.
C. Prion diseases can lead to spongiform changes and neuronal loss in the brain, but cortical thinning is not typically described as a characteristic feature.
D. Chronic substance abuse, particularly alcohol and certain drugs, can lead to structural and functional changes in the brain, including cortical atrophy. However, cortical thinning is not specific to substance use disorder-related dementia and can occur in various other neurological conditions as well.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
D. Mental illness is complex and multifactorial, and the response to medication can vary widely among individuals. While medication can be effective in alleviating symptoms for many people, factors such as genetic predisposition, neurobiological differences, environmental influences, and individual variability in brain function and structure can all impact treatment response.
A. While medication adherence is important for managing mental illness, it is rarely a cure on its own. Mental illness often requires ongoing treatment and management.
B. Some individuals may experience rapid improvement with medication, while others may take longer to see results or may require adjustments to their treatment plan.
C. Mental illness is not solely determined by willpower, and implying that it is oversimplifies the complex nature of these conditions.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
B. Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by unstable mood, behavior, and relationships, often leading to impulsive behaviors including self-harm. It's crucial for the family to understand the potential for self-harm in individuals with BPD and to learn how to recognize warning signs and effectively intervene to ensure the client's safety.
A. While medication may be a component of treatment for some individuals with BPD, it is not typically the first-line intervention for managing the disorder.
C. Group therapy, particularly dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) groups, can be beneficial for individuals with BPD as they provide opportunities for skill-buildin. However, it may not be the immediate priority when teaching the family about BPD.
D. Insurance coverage can be addressed at a later time, and the immediate focus should be on providing information and support to help the family understand and cope with the diagnosis and its implications for the client's well-being.
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