A nurse is reviewing a client's MRI results that show cortical thinning. The nurse should identify that this finding is evident in which of the following types of dementia?
HIV infection
Alzheimer's disease
Prion disease
Substance use disorder
The Correct Answer is B
B In Alzheimer's disease, cortical thinning typically begins in the temporal and parietal lobes of the brain, areas associated with memory, language, and higher cognitive functions. As the disease progresses, cortical thinning may extend to other regions of the brain, contributing to the worsening cognitive decline seen in affected individuals.
A. HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) can result in various structural and functional changes in the brain, including cortical atrophy, but cortical thinning is not a specific hallmark of HIV infection-related dementia.
C. Prion diseases can lead to spongiform changes and neuronal loss in the brain, but cortical thinning is not typically described as a characteristic feature.
D. Chronic substance abuse, particularly alcohol and certain drugs, can lead to structural and functional changes in the brain, including cortical atrophy. However, cortical thinning is not specific to substance use disorder-related dementia and can occur in various other neurological conditions as well.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
B. This concept involves understanding how individuals respond to stressors and whether their coping strategies are effective in managing stress and promoting well-being. By assessing whether the client's responses to stress are adaptive (i.e., helpful and constructive) or maladaptive (i.e., harmful or ineffective), the nurse can tailor interventions to support the client in developing healthier coping mechanisms and managing stress more effectively.
A. Although understanding the client's perception of the stressors is important, labeling them as justified or unjustified may not fully capture the complexity of the client's experience or their individual response to stress.
C This concept involves evaluating the moral or ethical implications of the client's actions or decisions in response to stressors.
D. While assessing the client's behaviors and their impact on health and well-being is important, labeling them as inherently good or bad may oversimplify the complexity of the client's experience.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Phase 1 of the cycle of violence, also known as the tension-building phase, is characterized by increasing tension and conflict between the parties involved in the abusive relationship. During this phase, arguments, disagreements, and conflicts escalate in frequency and intensity.
B Physical harm typically occurs during phase 2 of the cycle of violence, known as the acute or explosion phase.
C. This phase follows the acute phase and is characterized by the perpetrator expressing remorse, making excuses for their behavior, or attempting to reconcile with the victim through gestures of affection, gifts, or promises to change. However, these promises are often short- lived and may be followed by a return to tension-building behavior and the cycle of violence repeating.
D. Law enforcement involvement is not specific to phase 1 of the cycle, during which tensions are escalating and conflicts are increasing in frequency.
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