A nurse is reviewing a client's MRI results that show cortical thinning. The nurse should identify that this finding is evident in which of the following types of dementia?

HIV infection

Alzheimer's disease

Prion disease

Substance use disorder

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

B In Alzheimer's disease, cortical thinning typically begins in the temporal and parietal lobes of the brain, areas associated with memory, language, and higher cognitive functions. As the disease progresses, cortical thinning may extend to other regions of the brain, contributing to the worsening cognitive decline seen in affected individuals.

A. HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) can result in various structural and functional changes in the brain, including cortical atrophy, but cortical thinning is not a specific hallmark of HIV infection-related dementia.

C. Prion diseases can lead to spongiform changes and neuronal loss in the brain, but cortical thinning is not typically described as a characteristic feature.

D. Chronic substance abuse, particularly alcohol and certain drugs, can lead to structural and functional changes in the brain, including cortical atrophy. However, cortical thinning is not specific to substance use disorder-related dementia and can occur in various other neurological conditions as well.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Opioids are often prescribed for pain management, and individuals with chronic pain conditions may be at increased risk for developing opioid use disorder if they misuse or become dependent on these medications.

B. While opioids can have sedating effects and may be used by some individuals to promote sleep, it is less likely to be a primary reason for starting opioid use, especially in the context of other significant factors such as chronic pain and anxiety.

C. While exposure to parental substance use can contribute to an individual's risk of developing substance use disorders, there is no indication in the scenario provided that the client's parents used opioids specifically or that their parents' substance use directly influenced the client's opioid use.

D. Opioids are not typically used to treat hallucinations, and their use for performance enhancement in the workplace is uncommon.

A. "Psychiatric pharmacogenomic testing allows providers to determine the likelihood that a treatment will produce a cure." B. "Psychiatric pharmacogenomic testing provides health care providers with information about treatment interactions. C. "Psychiatric pharmacogenomic testing allows providers to determine effective treatment modalities." D. Psychiatric pharmacogenomic testing allows providers to determine the cause of mental illness based on genetics."

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

C. Psychiatric pharmacogenomic testing involves analyzing an individual's genetic makeup to predict their response to psychiatric medications. This testing provides healthcare providers with information about how an individual's genetic variations may impact their metabolism of medications.

A. Psychiatric pharmacogenomic testing can inform treatment decisions but it does not determine the likelihood of a cure. Mental illness is complex and often requires multimodal treatment approaches beyond medication alone.

B. Pharmacogenomic testing can provide information about how an individual's genetics may interact with specific medications but it primarily focuses on identifying which medications are likely to be most effective for the individual, rather than interactions between medications.

D. Psychiatric pharmacogenomic testing does not determine the cause of mental illness. Mental illnesses are multifactorial and have complex etiologies involving genetic, biological, environmental, and psychosocial factors.

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A nurse is reviewing a client's MRI results that show cortical thinning. The nurse should identify that this finding is evident in which of the following types of dementia?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is educating a newly licensed nurse about psychiatric pharmacogenomic testing. Which of the following statements by the newly licensed nurse Indicates an understanding of the teaching?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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