A nurse is reviewing a research article that compared Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C) findings of randomly selected 20 to 30-year-old clients with diabetes who participated in a specified 3- month strenuous exercise program with 20 to 30-year-old clients who did not participate in the exercise program. Which research design describes this study?
Correlational.
Exploratory.
Experimental.
Developmental.
The Correct Answer is C
A. Correlational studies examine the relationship between variables but do not involve manipulation of variables, which is a key characteristic of experimental studies.
B. Exploratory studies aim to explore a new area or phenomenon, often using qualitative methods or preliminary investigations, which may not involve comparing groups with different interventions.
C. Experimental studies involve the manipulation of an independent variable (in this case, participation in the exercise program) to observe its effects on a dependent variable (HbA1C findings). This design allows for causal inferences about the relationship between the intervention and outcome.
D. Developmental studies focus on changes over time or across different life stages, which may involve longitudinal or cross-sectional designs but do not necessarily involve experimental manipulation of variables.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. This describes a systematic sampling method, not snowball sampling.
B. Snowball sampling involves recruiting participants who then refer others who meet the criteria, creating a chain or "snowball" effect.
C. Stratified sampling involves dividing the population into subgroups and then sampling from each subgroup.
D. This describes a form of purposive sampling, where participants are selected based on specific criteria. Snowball sampling relies on referrals from existing participants.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. While interviews with the adolescents' parents may provide valuable insights, they do not directly capture the adolescents' experiences with stress reduction techniques, which is the focus of the study.
B. Videos of the adolescents using stress reduction techniques could offer observational data, but they may not capture the subjective experiences and feelings of the adolescents themselves, which are central to a qualitative study.
C. Surveys of the adolescents' feelings before and after using stress reduction techniques would directly capture their subjective experiences and perceptions, making them valuable data for a qualitative study.
D. Glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C) findings provide objective physiological data related to diabetes management but do not capture the adolescents' experiences with stress reduction techniques, which is the focus of the study.
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