A nurse is reviewing a research article that compared Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C) findings of randomly selected 20 to 30-year-old clients with diabetes who participated in a specified 3- month strenuous exercise program with 20 to 30-year-old clients who did not participate in the exercise program. Which research design describes this study?
Correlational.
Exploratory.
Experimental.
Developmental.
The Correct Answer is C
A. Correlational studies examine the relationship between variables but do not involve manipulation of variables, which is a key characteristic of experimental studies.
B. Exploratory studies aim to explore a new area or phenomenon, often using qualitative methods or preliminary investigations, which may not involve comparing groups with different interventions.
C. Experimental studies involve the manipulation of an independent variable (in this case, participation in the exercise program) to observe its effects on a dependent variable (HbA1C findings). This design allows for causal inferences about the relationship between the intervention and outcome.
D. Developmental studies focus on changes over time or across different life stages, which may involve longitudinal or cross-sectional designs but do not necessarily involve experimental manipulation of variables.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. While replicating the study using adolescents from across the United States could provide broader generalizability, it may not be necessary if the goal is to investigate the effectiveness of other smoking cessation programs.
B. Surveying the adolescents' families to determine how many family members smoke may provide useful information but does not directly address the effectiveness of other smoking cessation programs.
C. Investigating the effectiveness of other smoking cessation programs is warranted based on the findings that Program A was more effective than Program B. This action allows for comparison with alternative interventions to determine the most effective approach for smoking cessation among adolescents.
D. Providing all smoking adolescents in the three high schools with Program A assumes that Program A is universally effective, which may not be the case. It is important to explore other options and consider individual preferences and needs when selecting a smoking cessation program.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Replicating the study with clients in the progressive care unit may not be necessary unless similar trends are observed or there are concerns specific to that unit.
B. Closing and decontaminating the intensive care unit based solely on statistically significant findings without considering clinical significance would be an extreme response and may not be justified.
C. While re-training on infection control practices may be beneficial, it may not be necessary solely based on the findings of this study without considering other factors.
D. Since the incidence of client complications from nosocomial infections was minimal at both institutions despite the statistically significant increase in infection rates at Hospital A, the clinical significance of the findings is negligible, and thus, no change in current practice is warranted.
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