A nurse is reviewing laboratory findings of a client admitted to the unit. The nurse recognizes that which of the following results indicates acute kidney injury?

Hemoglobin 16 g/dL

Serum creatinine 6 mg/dL

BUN 15 mg/dL

Serum potassium 4.5 mEq/L

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Hemoglobin 16 g/dL: This value is within the normal range—approximately 13.5 to 17.5 g/dL for males and 12 to 16 g/dL for females. It reflects adequate oxygen-carrying capacity and does not suggest acute kidney injury.

B. Serum creatinine 6 mg/dL: The normal range for serum creatinine is about 0.6 to 1.2 mg/dL. A level of 6 mg/dL is significantly elevated and indicates reduced glomerular filtration, which is a key diagnostic marker for acute kidney injury.

C. BUN 15 mg/dL: Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) typically ranges from 7 to 20 mg/dL. This value is normal and does not indicate renal dysfunction on its own, though it may be elevated in AKI when paired with high creatinine.

D. Serum potassium 4.5 mEq/L: Normal potassium levels range from 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L. This value is within normal limits and does not reflect the electrolyte disturbances commonly seen in acute kidney injury.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Orange juice: Orange juice does not interact significantly with cyclosporine and is generally safe for clients taking this medication.

B. Smoked salmon: While high in protein and sodium, smoked salmon does not affect cyclosporine metabolism or increase the risk of toxicity.

C. Grapefruit juice: Grapefruit juice inhibits the CYP3A4 enzyme system in the liver and intestines, which metabolizes cyclosporine. This interaction leads to increased drug levels in the blood, raising the risk of nephrotoxicity and other toxic effects.

D. Bananas: Bananas are not known to interact with cyclosporine. However, clients with kidney disease may need to monitor potassium intake, especially if potassium levels are already elevated.

A. "The increased metabolic waste products in your body depress the bone marrow and cause anemia." B. "You have a genetic tendency for the development of anemia." C. "You are not eating enough iron-rich foods, which is causing anemia." D. "There is a decreased production by the kidneys of the hormone erythropoietin, which is the cause of your anemia."

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. "The increased metabolic waste products in your body depress the bone marrow and cause anemia.": While waste accumulation contributes to overall symptoms in CKD, it is not the primary cause of anemia in this condition.

B. "You have a genetic tendency for the development of anemia.": Anemia in CKD is not typically genetic but results from physiological changes related to kidney dysfunction.

C. "You are not eating enough iron-rich foods, which is causing anemia.": Although poor iron intake may worsen anemia, the main cause in CKD is not dietary but rather due to hormonal deficiency.

D. "There is a decreased production by the kidneys of the hormone erythropoietin, which is the cause of your anemia.": In CKD, damaged kidneys produce less erythropoietin, a hormone that stimulates red blood cell production, leading to anemia and fatigue.

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A nurse is reviewing laboratory findings of a client admitted to the unit. The nurse recognizes that which of the following results indicates acute kidney injury?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client who is prescribed cyclosporine following a kidney transplant. The nurse should instruct the client that which of the following foods can increase cyclosporine levels to a toxic level?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client experiencing fatigue secondary to anemia from chronic kidney disease (CKD). How should the nurse respond when the client asks about the cause of the anemia symptoms they are experiencing?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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