A nurse is reviewing the medication history of a client who reports urinary retention.
The nurse should recognize that which of the following medications can cause this adverse reaction?

Choice A rationale:

Levalbuterol is a bronchodilator that relaxes muscles in the airways and increases air flow to the lungs. Therefore, a decrease in wheezing is a therapeutic effect of the medication, making this the correct choice.

Choice B rationale:

While levalbuterol can cause an increase in respiratory rate as a side effect, it is not considered a therapeutic effect of the medication. The primary goal of levalbuterol is to improve breathing by relaxing the muscles of the airways, not to increase respiratory rate.

Choice C rationale:

Levalbuterol does not directly affect nausea. It is primarily used to treat conditions related to breathing such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Choice D rationale:

An increased heart rate is a potential side effect of levalbuterol, not a therapeutic effect.

Choice A rationale:

Donepezil does not decrease urinary output. It works by increasing the amount of a certain naturally occurring substance in the brain.

Choice B rationale:

Donepezil does not improve pulmonary function. Its primary function is to improve mental function.

Choice C rationale:

Donepezil improves cognitive function. It can improve thinking ability and slow the loss of these abilities in people who have Alzheimer’s disease.

Choice D rationale:

Donepezil does not decrease the incidence of seizures. In fact, patients should inform their healthcare provider if they have a history of seizures before starting donepezil.