A nurse is teaching an in-service about cancer at a staff meeting. Which of the following information should the nurse include about adenocarcinoma?

"Pancreatic cancer doesn't usually present as an adenocarcinoma."

"Colorectal adenocarcinomas tend to have high treatment response rates."

"Many brain tumors are adenocarcinomas."

"Most prostate cancers are slow-growing adenocarcinomas."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. "Pancreatic cancer doesn't usually present as an adenocarcinoma.": Pancreatic cancer most commonly arises from the exocrine glands and is typically classified as an adenocarcinoma. It is the most frequent histological type found in pancreatic malignancies.
B. "Colorectal adenocarcinomas tend to have high treatment response rates.": Treatment response in colorectal adenocarcinoma depends heavily on the stage at diagnosis. While early-stage tumors may respond well, advanced stages often have lower responsiveness and poorer outcomes.
C. "Many brain tumors are adenocarcinomas.": Primary brain tumors are typically glial in origin, such as astrocytomas or glioblastomas. Adenocarcinomas rarely originate in the brain and are more often found in epithelial tissues like the lungs, colon, or prostate.
D. "Most prostate cancers are slow-growing adenocarcinomas.": Prostate cancer most often originates from glandular tissue and is classified as an adenocarcinoma. These tumors commonly progress slowly, especially in older adults, and may be monitored for years without requiring aggressive treatment.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Respiratory alkalosis, fully compensated: pH is low normal (7.35), and the bicarbonate (HCO3-) level is low (21 mEq/L), indicating metabolic acidosis, not respiratory alkalosis. Respiratory alkalosis would present with a high pH and low PaCO2.
B. Metabolic acidosis, partially compensated: The pH is slightly acidic (7.35), and the bicarbonate level is low (21 mEq/L), indicating metabolic acidosis. The PaCO2 level is normal, suggesting partial compensation by the respiratory system, but the body has not fully compensated for the acidosis yet.
C. Respiratory acidosis, fully compensated: Respiratory acidosis would present with an elevated PaCO2 and a low pH, which is not the case here. The PaCO2 is normal at 40 mmHg, so this option is incorrect.
D. Metabolic acidosis, fully compensated: While the client does have metabolic acidosis, the respiratory system has not fully compensated for the acidosis, as evidenced by the normal PaCO2 level. Therefore, the compensation is partial, not full.

A. Neurogenic shock B. Hypovolemic shock C. Obstructive shock D. Septic shock

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Neurogenic shock: Neurogenic shock is caused by a loss of sympathetic tone, often due to spinal cord injury, and is characterized by hypotension, bradycardia, and warm, dry skin. The client’s blood loss makes hypovolemic shock more likely than neurogenic shock.
B. Hypovolemic shock: Hypovolemic shock is caused by a significant loss of blood or fluids, which reduces the circulating volume and leads to decreased perfusion and oxygenation of tissues. In this case, the client has lost 800 mL of blood and is experiencing a steady decrease in blood pressure, which indicates hypovolemic shock.
C. Obstructive shock: Obstructive shock occurs when there is a physical obstruction in the circulatory system, such as a pulmonary embolism or tension pneumothorax. The clinical scenario does not suggest an obstruction, making obstructive shock less likely.
D. Septic shock: Septic shock is caused by a severe infection and results in vasodilation and hypotension. While sepsis can lead to hypotension, the client’s blood loss makes hypovolemic shock the more likely diagnosis.

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A nurse is teaching an in-service about cancer at a staff meeting. Which of the following information should the nurse include about adenocarcinoma?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A patient's arterial blood gas (ABG) results show a pH of 7.35, PaCO2 of 40 mmHg, and HCO3- of 21 mEq/L. What type of acid-base imbalance is present and how would you classify it?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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