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A nurse is teaching the patient with mitral valve problems about the valves of the heart. Starting on the right side of the heart, describe the sequence of blood flow through these valves. 1. Mitral; 2. Aortic; 3. Tricuspid; 4. Pulmonic

A.

4,3,2,1

B.

1,3, 2,4

C.

3,4, 1,2

D.

2,4, 1,3

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. 4, 3, 2, 1 (Pulmonic → Tricuspid → Aortic → Mitral): This sequence incorrectly places the pulmonic valve first instead of the tricuspid.

B. 1, 3, 2, 4 (Mitral → Tricuspid → Aortic → Pulmonic): This sequence incorrectly starts with the mitral valve (left side of the heart), instead of the tricuspid (right side of the heart).

C. 3, 4, 1, 2 (Tricuspid → Pulmonic → Mitral → Aortic): Blood flow through heart valves follows this order:

  1. Tricuspid Valve (Right atrium → Right ventricle)
  2. Pulmonic Valve (Right ventricle → Pulmonary artery → Lungs)
  3. Mitral Valve (Left atrium → Left ventricle)
  4. Aortic Valve (Left ventricle → Aorta → Body)

D. 2, 4, 1, 3 (Aortic → Pulmonic → Mitral → Tricuspid): This sequence incorrectly places the aortic valve first, which is incorrect for blood flow through the heart.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Reads and follows the health care provider's orders. While following provider orders is important, critical thinking requires assessing the situation and considering all relevant factors, rather than just following orders without analysis.

B. Accepts one established way to provide care. Critical thinking involves evaluating different approaches and adapting to individual patient needs rather than rigidly adhering to a single method.

C. Makes decisions based on intuition. While intuition can be helpful, evidence-based practice and clinical reasoning should guide decision-making, not just intuition alone.

D. Consider what is important in any given situation. Critical thinking involves analyzing the situation, prioritizing information, and making decisions based on what is most important for patient safety and care.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Hold her breath for at least 10 seconds. Diaphragmatic breathing focuses on slow, deep breaths to promote lung expansion and oxygenation. Holding the breath is not part of this technique and may increase discomfort.

B. Place her hands on the sides of her rib cage. While hand placement is encouraged, the correct position is on the abdomen (below the rib cage), not the sides. This helps the client feel the diaphragm expanding.

C. Exhale forcefully through the nose. Exhalation should be slow and controlled through the mouth, not forceful through the nose, to prevent airway irritation.

D. Inhale slowly and evenly through her nose. The correct technique for diaphragmatic breathing is to inhale deeply through the nose while the abdomen expands. This promotes lung expansion and prevents atelectasis postoperatively.

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