A nurse on a pediatric unit is caring for four children. The nurse should use droplet precautions for which of the following children?
A preschool-age child who has pediculosis capitis
A school-age child who has viral conjunctivitis
An adolescent who has hepatitis A
A toddler who has seasonal influenza
The Correct Answer is D
A. Pediculosis capitis, also known as head lice, is transmitted through direct head-to-head contact or by sharing personal items such as hats or combs. It is not transmitted via respiratory droplets, so droplet precautions are not required. Standard precautions for lice, such as treating the infestation and avoiding close contact, are appropriate.
B. Viral conjunctivitis, also known as pink eye, is primarily spread through direct contact with the eye secretions or contaminated objects. While viral conjunctivitis can be spread via contact, it does not require droplet precautions. Instead, proper hand hygiene and contact precautions are important to prevent the spread of the infection.
C. Hepatitis A is transmitted primarily through the fecal-oral route and not through respiratory droplets. Therefore, droplet precautions are not necessary. Standard precautions, including proper hand hygiene and safe food handling, are important for preventing the spread of hepatitis A.
D. Seasonal influenza (flu) is transmitted via respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Droplet precautions are recommended for individuals with influenza to prevent the spread of the virus. This includes wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining distance from others.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Logrolling is a specific turning technique used to maintain spinal alignment post-operatively. It requires two nurses to prevent injury to the spine.
B. While elevating the head of the bed is important to prevent respiratory complications, a 30° angle is too high for a patient with spinal instrumentation. A lower angle is typically recommended to maintain spinal alignment.
C. Early ambulation is encouraged after surgery, but 12 hours is too soon. The adolescent will likely be on bed rest for several days to allow the fusion to stabilize.
D. Clear liquids are often introduced earlier than 4 hours post-surgery, once bowel sounds return and there is no evidence of nausea or vomiting.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Prednisolone suppresses the immune system, which can impair the body's ability to heal wounds.
B. Prednisolone is more likely to cause hypertension (high blood pressure) due to fluid retention.
C. Stevens-Johnson syndrome is a rare but severe allergic reaction that is not typically associated with prednisolone.
D. While long-term use of high-dose corticosteroids can potentially affect kidney function, it's not a common or immediate side effect.
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