A nurse on a pediatric unit is caring for four children. The nurse should use droplet precautions for which of the following children?
A preschool-age child who has pediculosis capitis
A school-age child who has viral conjunctivitis
An adolescent who has hepatitis A
A toddler who has seasonal influenza
The Correct Answer is D
A. Pediculosis capitis, also known as head lice, is transmitted through direct head-to-head contact or by sharing personal items such as hats or combs. It is not transmitted via respiratory droplets, so droplet precautions are not required. Standard precautions for lice, such as treating the infestation and avoiding close contact, are appropriate.
B. Viral conjunctivitis, also known as pink eye, is primarily spread through direct contact with the eye secretions or contaminated objects. While viral conjunctivitis can be spread via contact, it does not require droplet precautions. Instead, proper hand hygiene and contact precautions are important to prevent the spread of the infection.
C. Hepatitis A is transmitted primarily through the fecal-oral route and not through respiratory droplets. Therefore, droplet precautions are not necessary. Standard precautions, including proper hand hygiene and safe food handling, are important for preventing the spread of hepatitis A.
D. Seasonal influenza (flu) is transmitted via respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Droplet precautions are recommended for individuals with influenza to prevent the spread of the virus. This includes wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining distance from others.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Infants with heart failure often experience increased respiratory effort when lying flat. Placing them in a recumbent position can worsen their condition by making it harder to breathe. An upright or semi- upright position is usually preferred to facilitate breathing and digestion.
B. Infants with heart failure often tire easily during feeding due to increased metabolic demands. Prolonged feedings can be exhausting and may lead to insufficient intake. Shorter, more frequent feedings are typically recommended.
C. Crying increases the infant's oxygen consumption and metabolic rate, which can be detrimental for an infant with heart failure. It is essential to prevent crying and distress before feeding.
D. Infants with heart failure often tire easily. A more frequent feeding schedule, such as every 3 hours, allows for smaller, more manageable feedings without overexerting the infant.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. HPV vaccine is typically recommended for adolescents to prevent HPV-related cancers.
B. The IPV series is usually completed by the age of 6-18 months.
C. The Hepatitis B series is typically completed by the age of 6-18 months.
D. The first dose of the varicella (chickenpox) vaccine is typically administered at 12 months of age.
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