A patient with a blood pressure of 170/110 is prescribed an ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitor. The nurse stresses the need to take his ACE inhibitor as prescribed to prevent which complication associated with the long-term effects of hypertension?
Hematuria and proteinuria.
Venous Insufficiency.
Increased elastase activity.
Decreased high-density lipoproteins.
The Correct Answer is A
A. Long-term hypertension can lead to renal damage, resulting in glomerular injury and subsequent hematuria and proteinuria. ACE inhibitors help to protect renal function by reducing pressure in the glomeruli.
B. Venous insufficiency is generally not a direct complication of hypertension; it is more associated with conditions affecting venous return.
C. Increased elastase activity is related to the breakdown of elastin and is not a direct consequence of hypertension or the primary focus of ACE inhibitor therapy.
D. Decreased high-density lipoproteins (HDL) is not a direct complication of hypertension and does not specifically relate to the effects of ACE inhibitors.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. A specific gravity of 1.000 indicates very dilute urine, not concentrated. This would not be typical of dehydration, where urine would be concentrated with a high specific gravity.
B. Acute kidney injury (AKI) typically results in more concentrated urine due to retained waste products; therefore, specific gravity would likely be higher, not at the minimum level of 1.000.
C. A specific gravity of 1.000 indicates the kidney’s inability to concentrate urine, often seen in renal impairment where kidney function is compromised, leading to very dilute urine.
D. Specific gravity is unrelated to testicular cancer or an undescended testis, as it measures kidney concentration ability rather than reproductive health.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Large amounts of IV fluids are generally not used in ESRD because the kidneys cannot effectively remove excess fluids, potentially worsening fluid overload.
B. Potassium supplements are avoided, as ESRD patients often have elevated potassium levels due to reduced excretion, which can lead to dangerous cardiac complications.
C. While ESRD is serious, postmortem care is premature; many patients manage ESRD with appropriate treatment.
D. Dialysis or kidney transplantation is the standard treatment for ESRD to take over the functions that the kidneys can no longer perform, such as waste removal and fluid balance.
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