A patient with a blood pressure of 170/110 is prescribed an ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitor. The nurse stresses the need to take his ACE inhibitor as prescribed to prevent which complication associated with the long-term effects of hypertension?

Hematuria and proteinuria.

Venous Insufficiency.

Increased elastase activity.

Decreased high-density lipoproteins.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Long-term hypertension can lead to renal damage, resulting in glomerular injury and subsequent hematuria and proteinuria. ACE inhibitors help to protect renal function by reducing pressure in the glomeruli.

B. Venous insufficiency is generally not a direct complication of hypertension; it is more associated with conditions affecting venous return.

C. Increased elastase activity is related to the breakdown of elastin and is not a direct consequence of hypertension or the primary focus of ACE inhibitor therapy.

D. Decreased high-density lipoproteins (HDL) is not a direct complication of hypertension and does not specifically relate to the effects of ACE inhibitors.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. While sodium reduction might indirectly impact weight in some cases, its primary role in blood pressure control is related to its effect on blood volume and vascular resistance.

B. Sodium reduction is proven to help reduce blood pressure by lowering blood volume and decreasing vascular resistance.

C. Sodium actually leads to fluid retention, which can increase blood volume and raise blood pressure, not decrease it.

D. There is no direct link between sodium intake and smoking habits; reducing sodium primarily affects blood pressure management independently of smoking.

A. Cigarette smoking is the main cause of COPD but has a much less severe negative impact on the circulatory system. B. A patient with kyphosis and a measured VQ ratio of 0.6 has a decreased ability of inhaling air into their alveoli. C. Clinical manifestations seen in a patient with respiratory acidosis are tachypnea and tingling of the fingers. D. The nurse taking care of a patient with venous insufficiency understands the mechanisms of this disease when she makes sure the feet are lower than the heart. E. The nurse taking care of a patient with venous insufficiency understands the mechanisms of this disease when she makes sure the feet are lower than the heart.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Smoking is the leading cause of COPD, but it also significantly impacts the circulatory system, increasing the risk for cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and hypertension.

B. Kyphosis can alter lung expansion, potentially decreasing the V/Q (ventilation/perfusion) ratio to 0.6 by restricting air intake to the alveoli. This reduced ventilation impacts the V/Q balance, confirming decreased inhalation ability.

C. Respiratory acidosis typically causes bradypnea (slow breathing) due to CO₂ retention, rather than tachypnea. Tingling of the fingers is more associated with respiratory alkalosis.

D. For venous insufficiency, elevating the legs (higher than the heart) promotes venous return, not lowering the feet.

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A patient with a blood pressure of 170/110 is prescribed an ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitor. The nurse stresses the need to take his ACE inhibitor as prescribed to prevent which complication associated with the long-term effects of hypertension?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A patient is newly diagnosed with hypertension. The nurse suggests a dietary sodium reduction to help lower blood pressure. What rationale should the nurse share for reducing sodium intake?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Which one statement is true? VQ ratio: norm = 0.8

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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