A patient with a blood pressure of 170/110 is prescribed an ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitor. The nurse stresses the need to take his ACE inhibitor as prescribed to prevent which complication associated with the long-term effects of hypertension?

Hematuria and proteinuria.

Venous Insufficiency.

Increased elastase activity.

Decreased high-density lipoproteins.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Long-term hypertension can lead to renal damage, resulting in glomerular injury and subsequent hematuria and proteinuria. ACE inhibitors help to protect renal function by reducing pressure in the glomeruli.

B. Venous insufficiency is generally not a direct complication of hypertension; it is more associated with conditions affecting venous return.

C. Increased elastase activity is related to the breakdown of elastin and is not a direct consequence of hypertension or the primary focus of ACE inhibitor therapy.

D. Decreased high-density lipoproteins (HDL) is not a direct complication of hypertension and does not specifically relate to the effects of ACE inhibitors.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. While sodium reduction might indirectly impact weight in some cases, its primary role in blood pressure control is related to its effect on blood volume and vascular resistance.

B. Sodium reduction is proven to help reduce blood pressure by lowering blood volume and decreasing vascular resistance.

C. Sodium actually leads to fluid retention, which can increase blood volume and raise blood pressure, not decrease it.

D. There is no direct link between sodium intake and smoking habits; reducing sodium primarily affects blood pressure management independently of smoking.

A. The uninjured lung will hyperinflate because of an increased respiratory rate. B. Affected lung collapses as more air is exhaled through the traumatic injury. C. Trapped air causes collapse of the lung and can reduce the cardiac output. D. More CO2 is retained because weakened alveoli blebs rupture.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. While an increased respiratory rate may occur, it does not directly lead to hyperinflation of the uninjured lung due to tension pneumothorax.

B. In a tension pneumothorax, air enters the pleural space and does not exhale effectively; it is not about exhalation.

C. Trapped air in the pleural cavity increases pressure, collapsing the lung and pushing mediastinal structures (like the heart) to the opposite side, thereby reducing venous return and cardiac output.

D. Retained CO2 is not a direct cause of tension pneumothorax; the main issue is the pressure from trapped air affecting lung function and hemodynamics.

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A patient with a blood pressure of 170/110 is prescribed an ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitor. The nurse stresses the need to take his ACE inhibitor as prescribed to prevent which complication associated with the long-term effects of hypertension?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A patient is newly diagnosed with hypertension. The nurse suggests a dietary sodium reduction to help lower blood pressure. What rationale should the nurse share for reducing sodium intake?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A patient is admitted to the emergency department with left-sided chest trauma. Which statement best identifies why the formation of a tension pneumothorax can result in a life-threatening condition for this patient?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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