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A patient, newly diagnosed with an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), wants to know the etiology of his illness. Which statement by the nurse reflects knowledge of the pathophysiology of this disease?

Atherosclerosis of the abdominal aorta has caused the vessel to become narrowed. Less oxygenated blood is being delivered to your feet.

Your aneurysm was formed because of the development of a blood clot in the artery in your abdomen.

The strep bacteria has weakened the valves in your artery.

Chronic hypertension weakened the walls of your artery causing an outpouching of the arterial vessel wall.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Atherosclerosis typically leads to vessel narrowing, but it does not specifically describe the formation of an aneurysm, which involves wall weakening and outpouching rather than just narrowing.

B. While a blood clot can be a complication of an AAA, it is not the primary cause of aneurysm formation. An AAA results from wall weakness rather than a clot.

C. Streptococcal bacteria are not related to the development of abdominal aortic aneurysms; aneurysms are associated with chronic conditions affecting the vascular wall, not bacterial infections.

D. Chronic hypertension contributes to the weakening of the arterial walls, leading to the formation of an aneurysm as the pressure causes the wall to bulge or outpouch. This correctly reflects the pathophysiology of AAA.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Patients with CKD typically experience hypocalcemia rather than hypercalcemia due to impaired calcium absorption and phosphate retention, not necessitating phosphate supplements.

B. Metabolic acidosis is more common in CKD due to the accumulation of acid waste products, and while a low protein diet may be advised, it is not specifically linked to metabolic alkalosis.

C. Patients with CKD often have hyperkalemia due to impaired potassium excretion, rather than hypokalemia; diuretics can sometimes worsen this condition.

D. Hypertension is a common complication of CKD due to fluid overload, increased renin activity, and changes in vascular resistance; therefore, antihypertensive medication is often prescribed.

A. Varicose veins. B. Thick green sputum. C. Hypertension. D. Sudden dyspnea.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. While varicose veins can be a risk factor for deep vein thrombosis (DVT), which in turn can lead to a PE, they are not an acute symptom of a PE.

B. Thick green sputum is more indicative of a respiratory infection, such as pneumonia, rather than a pulmonary embolus.

C. Hypertension can be seen in various conditions but is not a primary indicator of PE.

D. Sudden dyspnea (difficulty breathing) is a classic sign of a pulmonary embolus, as the clot obstructs blood flow to the lungs, leading to respiratory distress.

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A patient, newly diagnosed with an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), wants to know the etiology of his illness. Which statement by the nurse reflects knowledge of the pathophysiology of this disease?

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