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A patient, newly diagnosed with an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), wants to know the etiology of his illness. Which statement by the nurse reflects knowledge of the pathophysiology of this disease?

Atherosclerosis of the abdominal aorta has caused the vessel to become narrowed. Less oxygenated blood is being delivered to your feet.

Your aneurysm was formed because of the development of a blood clot in the artery in your abdomen.

The strep bacteria has weakened the valves in your artery.

Chronic hypertension weakened the walls of your artery causing an outpouching of the arterial vessel wall.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Atherosclerosis typically leads to vessel narrowing, but it does not specifically describe the formation of an aneurysm, which involves wall weakening and outpouching rather than just narrowing.

B. While a blood clot can be a complication of an AAA, it is not the primary cause of aneurysm formation. An AAA results from wall weakness rather than a clot.

C. Streptococcal bacteria are not related to the development of abdominal aortic aneurysms; aneurysms are associated with chronic conditions affecting the vascular wall, not bacterial infections.

D. Chronic hypertension contributes to the weakening of the arterial walls, leading to the formation of an aneurysm as the pressure causes the wall to bulge or outpouch. This correctly reflects the pathophysiology of AAA.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. In post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, the immune response to strep infection results in inflammatory changes in the glomeruli, making the capillaries "leaky." This allows protein and red blood cells to pass into the urine, causing proteinuria and hematuria.

B. Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis is not characterized by an autoantibody attack on the renal artery. It is primarily an immune-mediated inflammatory response in the glomeruli.

C. While casts may appear in the urine, the primary issue is glomerular capillary inflammation and permeability rather than direct leaking of casts.

D. Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis typically results in a decreased GFR due to inflammation and reduced kidney function, not an increase.

A. inability of the kidneys to produce erythropoietin. B. increased ability to absorb calcium from the foods that are eaten. C. decreased ability of the kidneys to activate vitamin D. D. decreased serum phosphate.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. While CKD does reduce erythropoietin production, this affects anemia rather than bone health or fracture risk.

B. CKD often leads to decreased calcium absorption due to impaired vitamin D activation, not an increased absorption.C. In CKD, the kidneys lose the ability to convert vitamin D to its active form, impairing calcium absorption from the intestine and weakening

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A patient, newly diagnosed with an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), wants to know the etiology of his illness. Which statement by the nurse reflects knowledge of the pathophysiology of this disease?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is A

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