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A patient, newly diagnosed with an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), wants to know the etiology of his illness. Which statement by the nurse reflects knowledge of the pathophysiology of this disease?

Atherosclerosis of the abdominal aorta has caused the vessel to become narrowed. Less oxygenated blood is being delivered to your feet.

Your aneurysm was formed because of the development of a blood clot in the artery in your abdomen.

The strep bacteria has weakened the valves in your artery.

Chronic hypertension weakened the walls of your artery causing an outpouching of the arterial vessel wall.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Atherosclerosis typically leads to vessel narrowing, but it does not specifically describe the formation of an aneurysm, which involves wall weakening and outpouching rather than just narrowing.

B. While a blood clot can be a complication of an AAA, it is not the primary cause of aneurysm formation. An AAA results from wall weakness rather than a clot.

C. Streptococcal bacteria are not related to the development of abdominal aortic aneurysms; aneurysms are associated with chronic conditions affecting the vascular wall, not bacterial infections.

D. Chronic hypertension contributes to the weakening of the arterial walls, leading to the formation of an aneurysm as the pressure causes the wall to bulge or outpouch. This correctly reflects the pathophysiology of AAA.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Endometriosis involves the growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus, causing inflammation, scarring, and adhesions that may obstruct reproductive pathways, leading to infertility.

B. Endometriosis typically does not cause urethral strictures; adhesions affect the reproductive tract, not the urinary system.

C. While retrograde menstruation is a theory for endometriosis development, it does not directly lead to a neoplastic (cancerous) condition of the ovaries.

D. Endometriosis is not caused by an untreated bacterial infection; rather, it is a condition of abnormal endometrial tissue growth.

A. expiratory wheeze; PCO₂ 36 B. respiratory rate of 42; SO₂ 79% C. respiratory rate of 24; pH 7.46 D. barking cough; PO₂ 90

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. An expiratory wheeze with a PCO₂ of 36 (within normal range) does not typically indicate respiratory failure.

B. A respiratory rate of 42 and a low oxygen saturation (SO₂) of 79% indicate hypoxemia and respiratory distress, which are hallmarks of respiratory failure.

C. A respiratory rate of 24 with a pH of 7.46 suggests mild hyperventilation or anxiety rather than respiratory failure.

D. A barking cough and a PO₂ of 90 are not indicative of respiratory failure; PO₂ of 90 is within normal limits.

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A patient, newly diagnosed with an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), wants to know the etiology of his illness. Which statement by the nurse reflects knowledge of the pathophysiology of this disease?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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