A patient has been admitted with dehydration and is prescribed IV fluids and medications. Over a 12-hour shift, the following intake and output data are recorded:
Intake:
1,000 mL of lactated Ringer's administered via IV over 8 hours. 250 mL of an antibiotic infusion.
The patient drank 3 cups of water (1 cup = 240 mL).
Output:
Urine output was 1,200 mL. The patient vomited 300 mL.
Wound drainage amounted to 150 mL.
Calculate the net fluid balance
The Correct Answer is ["320"]
Net fluid balance = Total intake - Total output
Rationale:
Total intake:
IV fluids: 1,000 mL
Antibiotic infusion: 250 mL
Oral intake: 3 cups x 240 mL = 720 mL
Total intake = 1,000 + 250 + 720 = 1,970 mL Total output:
Urine: 1,200 mL
Vomiting: 300 mL Wound drainage: 150 mL
Total output = 1,200 + 300 + 150 = 1,650 mL
Net fluid balance = 1,970 mL - 1,650 mL = +320 mL
The patient has a positive fluid balance of 320 mL.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Aspirin can irritate the gastrointestinal lining, making it unsuitable for patients with GERD.
B. Alcohol and caffeine both relax the lower esophageal sphincter, which can increase the risk of acid reflux and worsen GERD symptoms.
C. Lying down immediately after eating can increase the likelihood of acid reflux and exacerbate GERD symptoms.
D. While mercury-containing seafood can be harmful in other contexts, it is not directly linked to GERD and should not be a primary concern.
Correct Answer is ["B","E","F","G"]
Explanation
A. A high-fiber and spicy diet could irritate the stomach lining, worsening acute gastritis.
B. Administering antacids can help neutralize stomach acid and relieve discomfort associated with gastritis.
C. Rigorous exercise is not recommended during an acute gastritis flare-up, as it could exacerbate symptoms.
D. Drinking milk is a common myth that milk can soothe gastritis; however, milk can stimulate acid production, which might worsen symptoms.
E. Pain should be assessed regularly, and analgesics should be administered as prescribed. NSAIDs should be avoided, as they can worsen gastritis.
F. Avoiding caffeine, alcohol, and smoking is crucial, as they can irritate the stomach lining and worsen symptoms of gastritis.
G. Monitoring for signs of gastrointestinal bleeding, such as hematemesis or melena, is important as acute gastritis can lead to bleeding.
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