A health educator is performing a health promotion workshop with the staff of a large, urban homeless shelter, and a component of the teaching centers around tuberculosis. One of the staff members comments, "Anyone who's had contact with tuberculosis in the past can give it to any of the other residents of the shelter, even if they didn't get sick themselves." How could the educator best respond to this comment?

"Actually, people who have the latent form of the disease won't be sick and can't spread it either."

"Many people do manage to fight off the infection, but you are right: they can still spread it by coughing or sneezing."

"There isn't any real risk of them spreading it, but we would like to vaccinate everyone who's had any contact with it in the past."

"If someone has been previously exposed to tuberculosis, they are particularly infectious because they are often unaware of the disease."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Actually, people who have the latent form of the disease won't be sick and can't spread it either: This response is accurate because individuals with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) do not exhibit symptoms and are not infectious. They carry the bacteria in their body, but it remains dormant and does not spread to others. Only those with active tuberculosis disease are capable of transmitting the infection through respiratory droplets.

B. Many people do manage to fight off the infection, but you are right: they can still spread it by coughing or sneezing: This statement is misleading because it implies that individuals with LTBI can spread the disease, which is not the case. Only those with active TB are contagious.

C. There isn't any real risk of them spreading it, but we would like to vaccinate everyone who's had any contact with it in the past: This response downplays the importance of understanding the difference between latent and active TB and could create confusion. Vaccination for tuberculosis (BCG vaccine) is not routinely given in the United States, and exposure alone does not necessitate vaccination.

D. If someone has been previously exposed to tuberculosis, they are particularly infectious because they are often unaware of the disease: This statement is incorrect, as individuals who have been exposed but have LTBI are not infectious. It is only those with active TB who pose a risk of spreading the infection.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Pneumonia: Pneumonia is a common cause of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and is associated with significant inflammation and alveolar damage. Assessing for pneumonia is a priority as it can exacerbate ARDS and lead to further respiratory compromise. Early identification and treatment of pneumonia can significantly improve the patient's outcome.

B. Heart failure: While heart failure can contribute to respiratory distress, ARDS is primarily a non-cardiogenic condition. Assessing for heart failure is important, but pneumonia is more directly linked to the development of ARDS and should be prioritized.

C. Pulmonary emboli: Although pulmonary embolism can cause acute respiratory distress, it is not the primary concern when dealing with ARDS. Assessing for embolism is important, but pneumonia is a more common and immediate concern in the context of ARDS.

D. Acute pulmonary edema: Acute pulmonary edema is usually associated with cardiac issues and is not the underlying cause of ARDS. While monitoring for pulmonary edema is necessary, pneumonia is the more relevant condition to assess in a patient diagnosed with ARDS.

A. Pulse oximetry 98% B. Diminished breath sounds over painful chest area C. Respiratory rate 34 D. ABG pH level of 7.38 E. Asymmetrical chest movements, especially on inspiration

Correct Answer is ["B","C","E"]

Explanation

A. Pulse oximetry 98%: A pulse oximetry reading of 98% indicates adequate oxygen saturation, which does not strongly suggest a pneumothorax. Patients with a pneumothorax may have lower oxygen saturation levels, but this reading alone is not indicative of the condition.

B. Diminished breath sounds over painful chest area: Diminished breath sounds are a significant clinical manifestation of pneumothorax, as air in the pleural space prevents normal lung expansion and decreases airflow to the affected side.

C. Respiratory rate 34: An elevated respiratory rate (tachypnea) is often observed in patients with pneumothorax as they may struggle to breathe effectively. This clinical manifestation indicates respiratory distress and is consistent with the condition.

D. ABG pH level of 7.38: A pH level of 7.38 indicates acidosis, which may occur in cases of pneumothorax due to impaired gas exchange and respiratory distress. This abnormal finding on arterial blood gases supports the suspicion of pneumothorax.

E. Asymmetrical chest movements, especially on inspiration: Asymmetrical chest movements are a classic sign of pneumothorax, where the affected lung does not expand as fully as the unaffected lung during inspiration, leading to visible differences in chest wall movement.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A patient has been diagnosed with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). For what other health condition should the healthcare professional assess this patient for as the priority?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A patient arrives in the ED after an automobile accident. Which of the following clinical manifestations leads the nurse to suspect a pneumothorax? (Select all that apply) (Select All that Apply.)

Correct Answer is ["B","C","E"]

Explanation

When talking about hypertension, we know that it can physiologically be caused by all of the following except

This event causes irreversible damage to the heart muscle:

Myocardium is rigid and noncompliant, impeding ventricular filling and raising pressures during diastole is which form of cardiomyopathy?

You can recognize Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) based on which symptoms?

A patient is hospitalized with chronic pericarditis. On assessment, you note the patient has pitting edema in lower extremities, crackles in lungs, and dyspnea on exertion. The patient's echocardiogram shows thickening of the pericardium. This is known as what type of pericarditis?

A healthcare professional is educating a patient on asthma. The professional tells the patient that the most successful treatment for chronic asthma begins with which action?

All of the following are nontraditional risk factors of coronary artery disease except: