A health educator is performing a health promotion workshop with the staff of a large, urban homeless shelter, and a component of the teaching centers around tuberculosis. One of the staff members comments, "Anyone who's had contact with tuberculosis in the past can give it to any of the other residents of the shelter, even if they didn't get sick themselves." How could the educator best respond to this comment?

"Actually, people who have the latent form of the disease won't be sick and can't spread it either."

"Many people do manage to fight off the infection, but you are right: they can still spread it by coughing or sneezing."

"There isn't any real risk of them spreading it, but we would like to vaccinate everyone who's had any contact with it in the past."

"If someone has been previously exposed to tuberculosis, they are particularly infectious because they are often unaware of the disease."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Actually, people who have the latent form of the disease won't be sick and can't spread it either: This response is accurate because individuals with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) do not exhibit symptoms and are not infectious. They carry the bacteria in their body, but it remains dormant and does not spread to others. Only those with active tuberculosis disease are capable of transmitting the infection through respiratory droplets.

B. Many people do manage to fight off the infection, but you are right: they can still spread it by coughing or sneezing: This statement is misleading because it implies that individuals with LTBI can spread the disease, which is not the case. Only those with active TB are contagious.

C. There isn't any real risk of them spreading it, but we would like to vaccinate everyone who's had any contact with it in the past: This response downplays the importance of understanding the difference between latent and active TB and could create confusion. Vaccination for tuberculosis (BCG vaccine) is not routinely given in the United States, and exposure alone does not necessitate vaccination.

D. If someone has been previously exposed to tuberculosis, they are particularly infectious because they are often unaware of the disease: This statement is incorrect, as individuals who have been exposed but have LTBI are not infectious. It is only those with active TB who pose a risk of spreading the infection.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Septal: Septal cardiomyopathy typically refers to abnormalities in the interventricular septum and does not specifically address the rigidity and noncompliance of the myocardium that affects diastolic filling.

B. Restrictive: Restrictive cardiomyopathy is characterized by a rigid and noncompliant myocardium that impedes ventricular filling during diastole. This results in elevated pressures in the ventricles and may lead to heart failure symptoms due to poor filling capacity.

C. Infiltrative: Infiltrative cardiomyopathy involves the deposition of abnormal substances (such as amyloid or sarcoid) within the myocardial tissue, which can lead to stiffness. While this may contribute to restrictive physiology, "restrictive" is the more precise term for the condition described.

D. Hypertrophic: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is characterized by an abnormal thickening of the heart muscle, particularly the left ventricle. While this condition can affect diastolic filling, it is primarily due to muscle hypertrophy rather than rigidity and noncompliance of the myocardium.

A. Controlling the blood pressure B. Moderate alcohol use C. Eating a low fat diet D. Avoiding air pollution

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Controlling the blood pressure: Controlling blood pressure is crucial for reducing the risk of developing coronary artery disease (CAD). Even with a normal lipid panel, hypertension can significantly contribute to cardiovascular risk, and managing blood pressure helps protect against the development of CAD.

B. Moderate alcohol use: While moderate alcohol consumption may have some potential benefits for heart health, it is not a primary risk factor reduction strategy. The focus should be on more impactful lifestyle changes, particularly for individuals with normal lipid levels.

C. Eating a low-fat diet: Although a balanced diet is important for overall health, a low-fat diet specifically is not necessary for everyone, especially those with normal lipid levels. The emphasis should be on a heart-healthy diet that includes healthy fats, such as those from fish, nuts, and olive oil, rather than simply reducing fat intake.

D. Avoiding air pollution: Avoiding air pollution can have health benefits, but it is not a primary strategy for individuals seeking to reduce the risk of CAD. Addressing more direct risk factors, such as blood pressure management, is more critical in this context.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Myocardium is rigid and noncompliant, impeding ventricular filling and raising pressures during diastole is which form of cardiomyopathy?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A person wishes to reduce the risk of developing coronary artery disease. This person has normal lipid panel. What risk factor reduction would the healthcare professional advise for this person?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Which of the following are NOT typical signs and symptoms of pericarditis? (Select-all-that-apply) (Select All that Apply.)

Primary hypertension:

What are the most common complications of myocardial infarction? (Select all that apply) (Select All that Apply.)

What is the initiating event that leads to the development of atherosclerosis?

Which elevated value may be protective of the development of atherosclerosis?

A patient has pulmonary edema. For what condition should the healthcare professional assess the patient as the priority?

Besides dyspnea, what is the most common characteristic associated with pulmonary disease?

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