A patient has symptoms of lethargy, oliguria, and itchy and dry skin. The patient also has chronic conditions including hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and coronary artery disease. Blood workup shows a drastic decrease in hemoglobin and hematocrit.
Which condition is described?
Polycystic kidney disease
End-stage renal disease
Renal cell carcinoma
Hypertensive kidney disease
The Correct Answer is B
ESRD is a condition in which the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste and fluid from the blood, resulting in a buildup of toxins and fluid in the body. ESRD can cause symptoms such as lethargy, oliguria (reduced urine output), and itchy and dry skin due to uremia (high levels of urea in the blood). ESRD can also cause anemia (low levels of red blood cells), which can explain the decrease in hemoglobin and hematocrit. ESRD can be caused by chronic conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, and coronary artery disease, which damage the kidneys over time.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Osmolarity is a measure of the concentration of solutes in a solution. When the osmolarity of the bloodstream increases due to blood loss, water will move from areas of lower osmolarity to areas of higher osmolarity by osmosis. This means that water will move from the extracellular fluid (the fluid outside the cells) to the intracellular fluid (the fluid inside the cells) to balance the osmotic pressure. As a result, the extracellular fluid volume will decrease and the intracellular fluid volume will increase, causing the cells to expand.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a hormone produced by the parathyroid glands, which are located behind the thyroid gland in the neck. PTH regulates the calcium levels in the blood by stimulating the release of calcium from the bones, increasing the absorption of calcium from the intestines, and decreasing the excretion of calcium from the kidneys. When the calcium levels in the blood are low, PTH is secreted to raise them back to normal.
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