A patient is on a lacto-ovo vegetarian diet.
What type of foods can the patient eat?

Choice A rationale

Increased hair growth is typically associated with hormonal imbalances, such as an excess of androgens, or certain medications, not generally with undernutrition. Adequate nutrition is essential for maintaining normal hair growth cycles. Nutritional deficiencies often lead to hair thinning or loss, rather than increased growth.

Choice B rationale

A sore, inflamed buccal cavity, also known as stomatitis or mucositis, can be a direct consequence of inadequate nutrition, particularly deficiencies in B vitamins, iron, and vitamin C. These nutrients are crucial for maintaining the health and integrity of the oral mucous membranes. Inflammation and soreness can make eating painful, further contributing to poor nutrient intake.

Choice C rationale

Adequate nutrient or food intake directly contradicts the nursing diagnosis of imbalanced nutrition, less than body requirements. This finding would indicate that the patient's nutritional needs are being met, and the diagnosis would be inaccurate. The presence of dysphagia suggests difficulty in achieving adequate intake.

Choice D rationale

A weight within 10% of ideal body weight suggests that the patient's nutritional status is likely adequate, not less than body requirements. While dysphagia can lead to weight loss, a weight within the normal range indicates that the patient has been able to maintain their weight despite potential swallowing difficulties.

Choice A rationale

After menopause, the ovaries significantly reduce estrogen and progesterone production. These hormones play a crucial role in maintaining the size and elasticity of breast tissue, including the glandular and fat components. With decreased hormonal support, these tissues atrophy, leading to a reduction in breast volume and a loss of skin elasticity, consequently causing the breasts to sag.

Choice B rationale

While adequate protein intake is essential for overall muscle health, including the pectoral muscles that lie beneath the breasts, it does not directly prevent the atrophy of glandular and fat tissue within the breasts that occurs due to hormonal changes after menopause. Therefore, a high-protein diet alone will not counteract breast sagging caused by these physiological changes.

Choice C rationale

The breasts themselves do not contain significant amounts of muscle tissue. The support for the breasts comes primarily from Cooper's ligaments, which are connective tissues, and the skin's elasticity. Sagging is mainly attributed to the weakening of these supportive structures and the atrophy of glandular and fat tissue after menopause, not a decrease in muscle mass within the breast.

Choice D rationale

Breast sagging after menopause is a common physiological change experienced by many women, regardless of their breast size. While larger breasts may appear to sag more noticeably due to their weight, the underlying cause is hormonal changes affecting tissue elasticity and volume, which occurs in women with all breast sizes.