A patient is on a lacto-ovo vegetarian diet.
What type of foods can the patient eat?

Chicken, cheese, and grilled eggplant.

Boiled eggs and chocolate milk.

Oysters, yogurt, and turkey.

Fish, milk, and poached eggs.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A rationale

Chicken is poultry, and a lacto-ovo vegetarian diet excludes all meat, poultry, and fish. Grilled eggplant and cheese are acceptable as they are vegetables and dairy products, respectively. However, the presence of chicken makes this choice incorrect for a lacto-ovo vegetarian.

Choice B rationale

Boiled eggs are permitted in a lacto-ovo vegetarian diet as it includes eggs and dairy. Chocolate milk is also allowed as it is a dairy product. This choice aligns with the definition of a lacto-ovo vegetarian diet, which includes dairy and eggs but excludes meat, poultry, and fish.

Choice C rationale

Oysters are shellfish, and turkey is poultry, both of which are excluded from a lacto-ovo vegetarian diet. Yogurt is a dairy product and is acceptable. The inclusion of oysters and turkey makes this choice incorrect.

Choice D rationale

Fish is not allowed in a lacto-ovo vegetarian diet. Milk is a dairy product and is acceptable. Poached eggs are also permitted. The presence of fish makes this choice incorrect.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale

NPO (nothing by mouth) might be a temporary measure immediately following a stroke if aspiration risk is very high. However, prolonged NPO can lead to malnutrition and dehydration, hindering recovery. Nutritional support is crucial for stroke patients, so alternative feeding methods should be explored.

Choice B rationale

Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is a method of providing nutrients intravenously, bypassing the gastrointestinal tract. It is usually reserved for patients with severe gastrointestinal dysfunction or when enteral feeding is not feasible or tolerated. While it provides nutrition, it carries risks of infection and metabolic complications and is not the first-line treatment for dysphagia.

Choice C rationale

A mechanical soft diet consists of foods that are easy to chew and swallow, reducing the risk of choking and aspiration in patients with mild to moderate dysphagia. This diet provides necessary nutrients while minimizing the effort required for safe oral intake, promoting better nutrition and hydration compared to NPO.

Choice D rationale

Supplements via NG tube provide enteral nutrition directly into the stomach or small intestine, bypassing the oral cavity and pharynx. This is an appropriate nutritional therapy for patients with severe dysphagia who cannot safely swallow even modified textures, ensuring adequate caloric and nutrient intake to support recovery and prevent malnutrition.

A. NPO until dysphagia subsides. B. Initiation of total parenteral nutrition. C. Mechanical soft diet. D. Supplements via NG tube.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale

NPO (nothing by mouth) until dysphagia subsides might be a temporary measure immediately following a stroke to prevent aspiration. However, prolonged NPO status can lead to malnutrition and dehydration. The plan of care should aim for the safest and most effective route for nutritional support as soon as feasible, considering the patient's swallowing ability.

Choice B rationale

Initiation of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is a method of providing nutrition intravenously, bypassing the gastrointestinal tract. TPN is typically reserved for patients with a non-functional or severely impaired digestive system. For a patient with dysphagia after a stroke, if the gastrointestinal tract is functional, enteral feeding (via a feeding tube) is often preferred over TPN due to its physiological benefits and lower risk of complications.

Choice C rationale

A mechanical soft diet consists of foods that are easy to chew and swallow. The texture of the food is altered (e.g., pureed, mashed, ground) to reduce the effort required for mastication and swallowing, thereby decreasing the risk of aspiration in patients with dysphagia. This type of diet is a common nutritional therapy for individuals with mild to moderate swallowing difficulties following a stroke.

Choice D rationale

Supplements via NG tube (nasogastric tube) involve delivering liquid nutritional formulas directly into the stomach through a tube inserted into the nose and down the esophagus. While an NG tube can provide necessary nutrition for patients with dysphagia, a gastrostomy tube (G-tube or PEG tube), placed directly into the stomach through the abdominal wall, is often preferred for long-term enteral feeding as it is generally more comfortable and less likely to cause irritation than an NG tube.

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A patient is on a lacto-ovo vegetarian diet.What type of foods can the patient eat?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is contributing to the plan of care of a client who has had a stroke and is experiencing severe dysphagia with choking and coughing while eating. Which of the following nutritional therapies should the nurse expect to include in the plan of care?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Which of the following nutritional therapies should the nurse expect to include in the plan of care?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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A patient is on a lacto-ovo vegetarian diet.
What type of foods can the patient eat?