A patient is prescribed metoprolol in the treatment of stable angina.
What is the best outcome measure of decreased cardiac workload due to metoprolol for the nurse to evaluate?

Patient's heart rate is 62 and regular.

Patient is able to lie flat without reporting difficulty breathing.

Patient does not report dyspnea after climbing one flight of stairs.

Patient has weight loss of 3 lbs (1.4 kg) over 2 weeks.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A rationale

Metoprolol decreases cardiac workload by reducing heart rate and myocardial oxygen demand. A heart rate of 62 is within normal limits, demonstrating effective beta-blocker action and improved cardiac efficiency.

Choice B rationale

Lying flat without difficulty breathing reflects improved respiratory status, which is more related to pulmonary management, not directly indicative of reduced cardiac workload or beta-blocker efficacy.

Choice C rationale

Absence of dyspnea after climbing stairs suggests improved physical fitness but does not directly measure the cardiac effects of metoprolol, which targets heart rate reduction and myocardial oxygen use.

Choice D rationale

Weight loss is related to overall health improvement or dietary changes rather than specific effects of metoprolol, which primarily impacts heart rate and cardiac oxygen consumption.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Brown-Sequard injury results in ipsilateral motor function loss due to corticospinal tract damage and contralateral pain/temperature loss from spinothalamic tract disruption, characteristic of this hemisection spinal cord injury.

Choice B rationale

Central cord injury affects cervical spine and hand function but does not exhibit hemisection symptoms like ipsilateral motor loss or contralateral sensory loss. Symptoms vary and commonly include upper limb weakness.

Choice C rationale

Posterior cord injury primarily impacts dorsal column function, resulting in loss of proprioception and vibration sense. Motor and pain/temperature functions are preserved, unlike in Brown-Sequard injury.

Choice D rationale

Anterior cord injury involves ischemic damage to the anterior spinal artery, leading to motor paralysis and pain/temperature loss bilaterally, not ipsilateral and contralateral as described in the question.

A. My diet will include more unsaturated fats and low carbohydrates. B. My diet will include increased amounts of carbohydrates and protein. C. My diet will include moderate amounts of protein and omega-3 oils. D. My diet will include foods rich in sodium and carbohydrates.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale

A ketogenic diet includes high fats, moderate protein, and low carbohydrates, with unsaturated fats emphasized for health. This metabolic state reduces seizure frequency by enhancing ketone production as an alternative energy source for the brain.

Choice B rationale

Increasing carbohydrates disrupts ketosis, the fundamental principle of the ketogenic diet. This would counteract the therapeutic goal of reducing seizure activity by providing glucose as a primary brain fuel instead of ketones.

Choice C rationale

While omega-3 oils support brain health, the ketogenic diet focuses on low carbohydrate intake and high fat. Moderate protein intake is essential, but excess omega-3 emphasis neglects the diet’s structure.

Choice D rationale

Foods high in sodium and carbohydrates contradict the ketogenic diet's principles. Elevated carbohydrate intake halts ketosis, while excess sodium intake is unrelated to ketogenic mechanisms or seizure management.

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A patient is prescribed metoprolol in the treatment of stable angina.What is the best outcome measure of decreased cardiac workload due to metoprolol for the nurse to evaluate?

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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A patient is prescribed metoprolol in the treatment of stable angina.
What is the best outcome measure of decreased cardiac workload due to metoprolol for the nurse to evaluate?