A patient is recovering from a myocardial infarction (MI). Which of the following complications should the nurse be most concerned about if the patient reports new-onset shortness of breath and irregular heartbeats?

Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Hypertension

Heart Failure

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD). PAD is a chronic condition related to reduced blood flow in peripheral arteries. It is not directly associated with MI complications.

B. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD). GERD involves acid reflux and is not related to post-MI complications.

C. Hypertension. While hypertension is a risk factor for MI, it does not directly explain the symptoms of shortness of breath and irregular heartbeats following an MI.

D. Heart Failure. Heart failure is a common post-MI complication, especially if a significant portion of heart muscle is damaged. Symptoms of shortness of breath and irregular heartbeats could indicate left-sided heart failure, where fluid backs up into the lungs, or right-sided failure, which can lead to systemic congestion.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Deep vein thrombosis. Deep vein thrombosis typically causes constant pain, swelling, and redness and does not improve with rest.

B. Restless leg syndrome. Restless leg syndrome is characterized by an uncontrollable urge to move the legs, usually at rest, and is not associated with walking.

C. Intermittent claudication. Intermittent claudication is a common symptom of PAD where muscle pain or cramping occurs during activity and is relieved with rest due to insufficient blood flow.

D. Varicose veins. Varicose veins generally cause aching and swelling rather than pain triggered specifically by walking.

A. Drink plenty of fluids to stay hydrated B. Take antibiotics as prescribed until the course is complete C. Avoid all forms of physical activity until fully recovered D. Use throat lozenges as needed but avoid resting to prevent throat swelling

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Drink plenty of fluids to stay hydrated. Staying hydrated is essential in managing viral pharyngitis to prevent dehydration, soothe the throat, and promote recovery.

B. Take antibiotics as prescribed until the course is complete. Antibiotics are not indicated for viral infections; they are only used for bacterial infections.

C. Avoid all forms of physical activity until fully recovered. While rest is recommended, light activities may be acceptable depending on the patient’s energy levels and symptoms. Total avoidance of all physical activity is unnecessary.

D. Use throat lozenges as needed but avoid resting to prevent throat swelling. Resting is beneficial to recovery. Throat lozenges may soothe irritation, but avoiding rest would be counterproductive.

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A patient is recovering from a myocardial infarction (MI). Which of the following complications should the nurse be most concerned about if the patient reports new-onset shortness of breath and irregular heartbeats?

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