A patient newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes asks a nurse, “How does insulin normally work in my body?” The nurse explains that normal insulin has which action in the body?

It stimulates the liver to convert glycogen to glucose.

It promotes the synthesis of amino acids into glucose.

It stimulates the pancreas to reabsorb glucose.

It promotes the passage of glucose into cells for energy.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A reason: Insulin does not stimulate the liver to convert glycogen to glucose; instead, it promotes glycogenesis and inhibits glycogenolysis. By facilitating glucose uptake and storage, insulin lowers blood glucose levels, counteracting the process of glycogen breakdown into glucose, which is regulated by glucagon and other hormones, making this choice incorrect.

Choice B reason: Insulin does not promote amino acid synthesis into glucose (gluconeogenesis). It inhibits gluconeogenesis in the liver, reducing glucose production from amino acids and other substrates. By enhancing glucose uptake and storage, insulin maintains glucose homeostasis, making this option incorrect as it misrepresents insulin’s role in glucose metabolism.

Choice C reason: Insulin does not stimulate the pancreas to reabsorb glucose. The pancreas produces insulin, which acts on target tissues like muscle and fat to facilitate glucose uptake. Glucose reabsorption occurs in the kidneys, regulated by sodium-glucose cotransporters, not insulin, making this choice scientifically inaccurate for insulin’s function.

Choice D reason: Insulin promotes glucose uptake into cells by facilitating GLUT4 transporter translocation to cell membranes in muscle and adipose tissue. This allows glucose to enter cells for energy production via glycolysis and the Krebs cycle. This is insulin’s primary role in maintaining blood glucose homeostasis, making it the correct choice for its action.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Metabolic acidosis has low pH and HCO3-. Normal pH (7.41) and high HCO3- (30) suggest alkalosis, not acidosis, so this is incorrect for the ABG values.

Choice B reason: Respiratory acidosis has high PaCO2 and low pH. Normal pH and high HCO3- indicate metabolic alkalosis, not respiratory acidosis, so this is incorrect.

Choice C reason: Respiratory alkalosis has low PaCO2 and high pH. High PaCO2 (46) and HCO3- rule this out, pointing to metabolic alkalosis, so this is incorrect.

Choice D reason: Normal pH (7.41), high PaCO2 (46), and high HCO3- (30) indicate metabolic alkalosis fully compensated by respiratory CO2 retention. This is correct.

A. Benzonatate [Tessalon] B. Guaifenesin [Mucinex] C. Dextromethorphan [Robitussin] D. Codeine

Correct Answer is ["A","C","D"]

Explanation

Choice A reason: Benzonatate suppresses cough by anesthetizing stretch receptors in the respiratory tract, reducing the cough reflex. It acts locally on nerve endings in the lungs and pleura, effectively decreasing cough frequency without systemic opioid effects, making it an appropriate choice for cough suppression.

Choice B reason: Guaifenesin is an expectorant, promoting mucus clearance by thinning secretions, not suppressing the cough reflex. It facilitates productive coughing rather than inhibiting it, making it ineffective for cough suppression and an incorrect choice for this indication in managing cough symptoms.

Choice C reason: Dextromethorphan suppresses cough by acting on the medulla’s cough center, reducing the urge to cough. As a non-opioid antitussive, it effectively controls non-productive cough without significant respiratory depression, making it a suitable and correct choice for cough suppression in various conditions.

Choice D reason: Codeine, an opioid, suppresses cough by acting on the central nervous system’s cough center, reducing reflex activity. It’s effective for non-productive cough but carries risks of sedation and dependency, making it a correct but cautiously used choice for cough suppression.

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A patient newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes asks a nurse, “How does insulin normally work in my body?” The nurse explains that normal insulin has which action in the body?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Name the pulmonary imbalance using the following Arterial blood Gas (ABG) values: pH 7.41, PaCO2 46, HCO3- 30

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Which medication is indicated for suppression of cough? (Select all that apply)

Correct Answer is ["A","C","D"]

Explanation

A provider has ordered captopril [Capoten] for a patient who has hypertension. The patient reports a history of swelling of the tongue and lips after taking enalapril [Vasotec] in the past. Which action by the nurse is correct?

A nurse provides discharge instructions for a patient who is taking acetaminophen [Tylenol] after surgery. The nurse should instruct the patient to avoid which product while taking acetaminophen?

A nurse is reviewing a patient’s medications before administration. Which drug-to-drug interactions will most concern the nurse in a patient with a history of heart failure and a potassium level of 5.5 mEq/L?

A patient with stable COPD receives prescriptions for an inhaled glucocorticoid and an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Which statement by the patient indicates an understanding of this medication regimen?

Name the imbalance using the following Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) values: pH 7.31, PaCO2 41, HCO3- 20

A patient is scheduled to start taking insulin glargine (Lantus). On the care plan, the nurse should include which of these outcomes related to the therapeutic effects of the medication?

Name the following arterial blood gas (ABG) values: pH 7.47, PaCO2 32, HCO3- 23

A nurse is explaining drug metabolism to a nursing student who asks about glucuronidation. The nurse knows that this is a process that allows drugs to be: