Name the following arterial blood gas (ABG) values: pH 7.47, PaCO2 32, HCO3- 23

Respiratory Acidosis

Metabolic Acidosis

Metabolic Alkalosis

Respiratory Alkalosis

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A reason: Respiratory acidosis has low pH and high PaCO2. High pH (7.47) and low PaCO2 (32) indicate alkalosis, not acidosis, so this incorrect.

Choice B reason: Metabolic acidosis has low pH and HCO3-. High pH and normal HCO3- (23) rule this out, pointing to respiratory alkalosis, so this is incorrect.

Choice C reason: Metabolic alkalosis has high pH and high HCO3-.. Normal HCO3- and low PaCO2 indicate respiratory alkalosis, so this is incorrect.

Choice D reason: High pH (7.47) and low PaCO2 (32) with normal CO2 HCO3- confirm respiratory alkalosis due to hyperventilation. This is matches, so it’s correct.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Metoprolol (beta-blocker) and furosemide (loop diuretic) are commonly used in heart failure. Furosemide may lower potassium, counteracting hyperkalemia (5.5 mEq/L), and metoprolol doesn’t significantly affect potassium. This combination poses less risk for hyperkalemia exacerbation, making it less concerning than potassium-sparing combinations.

Choice B reason: Furosemide promotes potassium excretion, potentially reducing hyperkalemia (5.5 mEq/L), while enalapril (ACE inhibitor) may increase potassium. However, furosemide’s effect often offsets enalapril’s, making this combination less likely to worsen hyperkalemia significantly compared to two potassium-sparing drugs, so this choice is less critical.

Choice C reason: Captopril (ACE inhibitor) and spironolactone (potassium-sparing diuretic) both increase potassium levels by reducing aldosterone activity, exacerbating hyperkalemia (5.5 mEq/L). In heart failure, this combination risks severe hyperkalemia, causing arrhythmias, making it the most concerning interaction requiring close monitoring or adjustment.

Choice D reason: Amlodipine (calcium channel blocker) and propranolol (beta-blocker) primarily affect blood pressure and heart rate, not potassium levels. Their interaction may cause bradycardia or hypotension but doesn’t worsen hyperkalemia (5.5 mEq/L), making this combination less concerning for the patient’s current electrolyte status.

A. Fully Compensated Metabolic Acidosis B. Fully Compensated Respiratory Acidosis C. Fully Compensated Respiratory Alkalosis D. Fully Compensated Metabolic Alkalosis

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Metabolic acidosis has low pH and HCO3-. Normal pH (7.41) and high HCO3- (30) suggest alkalosis, not acidosis, so this is incorrect for the ABG values.

Choice B reason: Respiratory acidosis has high PaCO2 and low pH. Normal pH and high HCO3- indicate metabolic alkalosis, not respiratory acidosis, so this is incorrect.

Choice C reason: Respiratory alkalosis has low PaCO2 and high pH. High PaCO2 (46) and HCO3- rule this out, pointing to metabolic alkalosis, so this is incorrect.

Choice D reason: Normal pH (7.41), high PaCO2 (46), and high HCO3- (30) indicate metabolic alkalosis fully compensated by respiratory CO2 retention. This is correct.

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Name the following arterial blood gas (ABG) values: pH 7.47, PaCO2 32, HCO3- 23

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is reviewing a patient’s medications before administration. Which drug-to-drug interactions will most concern the nurse in a patient with a history of heart failure and a potassium level of 5.5 mEq/L?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Name the pulmonary imbalance using the following Arterial blood Gas (ABG) values: pH 7.41, PaCO2 46, HCO3- 30

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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