Name the following arterial blood gas (ABG) values: pH 7.47, PaCO2 32, HCO3- 23

Respiratory Acidosis

Metabolic Acidosis

Metabolic Alkalosis

Respiratory Alkalosis

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A reason: Respiratory acidosis has low pH and high PaCO2. High pH (7.47) and low PaCO2 (32) indicate alkalosis, not acidosis, so this incorrect.

Choice B reason: Metabolic acidosis has low pH and HCO3-. High pH and normal HCO3- (23) rule this out, pointing to respiratory alkalosis, so this is incorrect.

Choice C reason: Metabolic alkalosis has high pH and high HCO3-.. Normal HCO3- and low PaCO2 indicate respiratory alkalosis, so this is incorrect.

Choice D reason: High pH (7.47) and low PaCO2 (32) with normal CO2 HCO3- confirm respiratory alkalosis due to hyperventilation. This is matches, so it’s correct.

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","C"]

Explanation

Choice A reason: Selectivity ensures a drug targets specific receptors, minimizing side effects. This is a key property of an ideal drug, making it a correct choice.

Choice B reason: Safety is critical, ensuring the drug causes minimal harm at therapeutic doses. This is a fundamental ideal drug property, so it is correct.

Choice C reason: Effectiveness ensures the drug achieves its intended therapeutic effect. This is essential for an ideal drug, making it a correct choice.

Choice D reason: Irreversible action is not ideal; reversible effects allow control and safety. The ‘Big Three’ focus on efficacy, safety, and selectivity, so this is incorrect.

Choice E reason: A trade name aids marketing but is not a pharmacological property. Effectiveness, safety, and selectivity are primary, so this is incorrect.

A. If nighttime awakenings occur more than 2 days per week B. Twice daily combined with an inhaled glucocorticoid C. Only with a long-acting beta2 agonist (LABA) D. As a rescue inhaler as needed for asthma symptoms

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Nighttime awakenings more than twice weekly indicate step 2, requiring maintenance therapy. Step 1 uses albuterol as needed, so this is incorrect.

Choice B reason: Twice-daily glucocorticoids are for step 2 or higher, not step 1, where albuterol is used as needed. This is incorrect for step 1 management.

Choice C reason: LABAs are used in step 3 or higher, not step 1, where albuterol alone is sufficient as needed. This is incorrect for the asthma step.

Choice D reason: At step 1, albuterol is used as a rescue inhaler for acute asthma symptoms. This is the standard approach, making it the correct choice.

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Name the following arterial blood gas (ABG) values: pH 7.47, PaCO2 32, HCO3- 23

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

What are considered the ‘Big Three’ properties of an ideal drug? (Select all that apply)

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C"]

Explanation

Using a stepwise approach to managing asthma, a nurse teaches a patient who is at step 1 that their albuterol MDI (Proventil) is used:

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

When administering a central nervous system depressant, the nurse should closely observe for drug toxicity in which patient?

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