A patient who is hospitalized for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease wants to go home. The nurse and the patient discuss the patient’s situation and decide that the patient may go home when able to perform self-care without dyspnea and hypoxia. This is an example of which phase of the nursing process?

Assessment

Evaluation

Implementation

Planning

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Assessment involves gathering data about the patient’s condition, but in this case, the nurse and patient are making a decision about discharge criteria, which falls under planning.

B. Evaluation occurs after interventions have been implemented to determine whether goals have been met. Since the patient has not yet attempted self-care, this phase has not been reached.

C. Implementation refers to carrying out nursing interventions, such as administering medications or assisting with breathing exercises. The discussion about discharge criteria is a planning activity rather than an intervention.

D. Planning involves setting goals and determining the criteria for discharge, which is what the nurse and patient are doing by establishing that the patient may go home when self-care can be performed without dyspnea or hypoxia.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

a. Collaboration and teamwork involve working with other healthcare professionals to improve patient outcomes, but in this case, the focus is specifically on meeting the patient's individual needs, which aligns more with patient-centered care.

b. Evidence-based practice involves integrating research and clinical expertise to improve healthcare outcomes, but this situation is not about applying research findings to treatment.

c. Patient-centered care focuses on respecting and responding to individual patient preferences, needs, and values. By addressing the financial barrier to medication access, the nurse ensures that the patient can adhere to their treatment plan, demonstrating patient-centered care.

d. Quality improvement involves evaluating healthcare processes to enhance patient safety and effectiveness, but this situation is more about addressing an individual patient's specific financial need rather than system-wide improvements.

A. Drugs are tested on adults and safe doses for children are based on weights compared to adult weights. B. Drugs are deemed safe for children over time when repeated use proves effectiveness and safety. C. Drugs are tested for both efficacy and safety in children in order to be marketed for pediatric use. D. Drugs are tested on children in post-marketing studies and on a limited basis.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. While pediatric doses are often weight-based, this does not fully account for differences in drug metabolism and effects in children. Pediatric drug safety requires specific testing beyond weight comparisons to adults.

B. Relying on repeated use over time to determine safety is not an evidence-based approach. Drug approval for pediatric use requires formal clinical trials to establish safety and efficacy.

C. The U.S. FDA and other regulatory agencies require that drugs intended for pediatric use undergo clinical trials specifically designed to assess safety, efficacy, and appropriate dosing in children. This ensures that medications are appropriately tested before being marketed for pediatric patients.

D. While some post-marketing studies may include children, initial approval for pediatric use requires pre-market clinical testing. Relying solely on post-marketing studies does not ensure comprehensive safety data before widespread pediatric use.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse learns that a patient cannot afford a prescribed medication and enlists the assistance of the social worker and an outside agency to provide medications at a lower cost. Which QSEN competency do the nurse’s actions best demonstrate?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The nurse is preparing to give a medication to a child. The child's parent asks whether the drug is safe for children. How will the nurse respond to the parent?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The nurse is teaching an overweight patient to administer subcutaneous heparin. Which statement by the patient indicates understanding of the teaching?

When administering topical medications, which is an important nursing action?

The nurse is preparing to administer a medication and reviews the patient's chart for drug allergies, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels. The nurse's actions are reflective of which phase of the nursing process?

What is the responsibility of the nurse related to the patient's drug therapy? (Select all that apply.)

The nurse is preparing to administer a medication from a unit-dose system. The nurse verifies that the medication, dose, and time are correct and that the expiration date was the day prior. Which action is correct?

The nurse is caring for an older adult patient who is receiving multiple medications. When monitoring this patient for potential drug toxicity, the nurse should review which lab values closely?

The nurse is conducting an admission assessment on a client. When collecting data related to medications, the nurse asks, "What medications are you currently taking?" After collecting this information, what other questions should the nurse ask? Select all that apply.

A family member expresses concern that a patient is taking several herbal remedies and worries that they may be unsafe. The nurse will respond by saying that herbs