Which statement about the safety and efficacy of medications in children is accurate?
Children cannot give consent, so clinical drug trials are not performed on children.
Children can only be subjects in quasi-experimental clinical studies.
Data from adult clinical drug trials can be extrapolated to children.
Federal law requires that drugs for children be tested on children.
The Correct Answer is D
a) Children can participate in clinical drug trials when appropriate consent is obtained from parents or guardians and when the study complies with ethical guidelines. They are not excluded from trials entirely because they cannot give consent.
b) Children can participate in various types of clinical studies, not just quasi-experimental ones, as long as the study follows ethical and legal guidelines for pediatric research.
c) Data from adult clinical trials cannot always be directly applied to children due to physiological differences. Pediatric drug testing is necessary to ensure drugs are both safe and effective for children.
d) Federal law mandates that drugs for children undergo testing in pediatric populations. This is to ensure that drugs are safe and effective for children, as they may respond differently than adults to medications.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. The statement that no drug remains is incorrect. A drug with a half-life of 8 hours will not be completely eliminated in 24 hours, as it follows a predictable pattern of reduction.
B. A reduction to 50 mg would require additional half-life intervals beyond 24 hours. The drug concentration decreases by half every 8 hours, meaning it would take more than 24 hours to reach this level.
C. The correct calculation follows the half-life principle:
- At 8 hours: 800 mg → 400 mg
- At 16 hours: 400 mg → 200 mg
- At 24 hours: 200 mg → 100 mg
Therefore, 100 mg of the drug remains after 24 hours.
D. While 200 mg is a step in the process, it represents the amount remaining after only 16 hours, not the full 24-hour period.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Assessment is the first phase of the nursing process, during which the nurse gathers relevant patient data, such as allergies and lab values, to ensure safe medication administration. This step helps identify potential risks and contraindications.
B. Evaluation occurs after the medication has been administered and involves assessing the patient's response to the drug. In this case, the nurse is reviewing information before administration, making evaluation an incorrect choice.
C. Implementation refers to carrying out the nursing interventions, such as actually administering the medication. Since the nurse is still reviewing data, this step has not yet been reached.
D. Planning involves setting goals and determining appropriate interventions, but it does not include the direct collection of patient data. Reviewing lab values and allergies falls under the assessment phase.
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