The nurse prepares to change a patient's medication from an intravenous to an oral form and notes that the oral form is ordered in a higher dose. The nurse understands that this is due to differences in

Bioavailability

Pinocytosis

Tachyphylaxis

Protein binding

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

a) Bioavailability refers to the proportion of the drug that reaches systemic circulation when administered by a particular route. The oral route typically has lower bioavailability than the intravenous route due to the first-pass metabolism in the liver. Therefore, when switching from an IV form to an oral form, the dose often needs to be higher to achieve the same therapeutic effect.

b) Pinocytosis is a form of endocytosis where cells absorb fluids and small molecules. While important in drug absorption, it is not the reason why oral doses are higher than IV doses.

c) Tachyphylaxis is a rapid tolerance to a drug after its administration, often requiring higher doses over time, but it does not directly explain the need for a higher oral dose.

d) Protein binding refers to how drugs bind to proteins in the blood, which can affect their distribution. However, this is not the main reason why oral doses are higher than IV doses.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Deficient knowledge may be a concern, but the primary focus here is on the safety risk associated with the side effects of the medication, particularly dizziness and orthostatic hypotension, which increase the risk of falls or injury.

B. Ineffective health maintenance is not specific to the medication side effects and does not directly address the patient's safety risk due to the medication.

C. Readiness for enhanced knowledge is more appropriate when the patient is already familiar with their condition and medication and is ready to learn more. This is not the case here, as the focus is on preventing harm from side effects.

D. Risk for injury is the most appropriate nursing diagnosis. Dizziness and orthostatic hypotension increase the risk of falls, which can lead to injury, making this the most relevant concern in this scenario.

A. are classified as medications by the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994. B. should be discussed with the patient's provider in conjunction with other medications. C. are regulated by the government and are determined to be safe. D. aren't usually effective but are generally harmless.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

a) Herbs are not classified as medications under the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994. The law classifies them as dietary supplements, which are not subject to the same rigorous safety and efficacy standards as medications.

b) Discussing herbal remedies with the patient's provider is essential. Herbs can interact with prescribed medications, and their safety and effectiveness can vary. It is important for providers to be aware of any herbal remedies the patient is using to avoid potential harmful interactions.

c) Herbs are not regulated by the government in the same way as pharmaceuticals. The FDA does not determine their safety before marketing, and manufacturers are not required to prove safety or efficacy before selling them.

d) Herbs are not harmless. Some herbs may be ineffective, but others can cause adverse effects, especially when taken alongside other medications. Therefore, it's important to consider their safety in the context of the patient’s overall treatment plan.

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The nurse prepares to change a patient's medication from an intravenous to an oral form and notes that the oral form is ordered in a higher dose. The nurse understands that this is due to differences in

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is developing a teaching plan for an elderly patient who will begin taking an antihypertensive drug that causes dizziness and orthostatic hypotension. Which nursing diagnosis is appropriate for this patient?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A family member expresses concern that a patient is taking several herbal remedies and worries that they may be unsafe. The nurse will respond by saying that herbs

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The nurse is preparing to administer a medication from a unit-dose system. The nurse verifies that the medication, dose, and time are correct and that the expiration date was the day prior. Which action is correct?

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A patient is taking methadone as part of a heroin withdrawal program. The nurse understands that in this instance methadone is classified as which drug schedule?

In response to the patient's question about how to know whether drugs are safe, the nurse explains that all medications undergo rigorous scientific testing controlled by what organization?

A nurse is instructing a pregnant patient concerning the potential risk to her fetus from a Pregnancy Category B drug. The nurse would inform the patient that:

The nurse is preparing to administer a medication and reviews the patient's chart for drug allergies, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels. The nurse's actions are reflective of which phase of the nursing process?

When the nurse practices the six rights of medication, what does it ensure?