The nurse prepares to change a patient's medication from an intravenous to an oral form and notes that the oral form is ordered in a higher dose. The nurse understands that this is due to differences in

Bioavailability

Pinocytosis

Tachyphylaxis

Protein binding

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

a) Bioavailability refers to the proportion of the drug that reaches systemic circulation when administered by a particular route. The oral route typically has lower bioavailability than the intravenous route due to the first-pass metabolism in the liver. Therefore, when switching from an IV form to an oral form, the dose often needs to be higher to achieve the same therapeutic effect.

b) Pinocytosis is a form of endocytosis where cells absorb fluids and small molecules. While important in drug absorption, it is not the reason why oral doses are higher than IV doses.

c) Tachyphylaxis is a rapid tolerance to a drug after its administration, often requiring higher doses over time, but it does not directly explain the need for a higher oral dose.

d) Protein binding refers to how drugs bind to proteins in the blood, which can affect their distribution. However, this is not the main reason why oral doses are higher than IV doses.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. While medication adherence is important, the primary reason for asking about alternative therapies is not due to concerns about compliance. Patients may use alternative therapies alongside prescribed medications, potentially leading to harmful interactions.

B. Many complementary and alternative therapies, such as herbal supplements, can interact with prescribed medications, leading to adverse effects or reduced drug efficacy. For example, St. John’s Wort can decrease the effectiveness of certain medications, including anticoagulants and antidepressants. Identifying these therapies ensures patient safety.

C. While some natural products may have therapeutic benefits, they are not necessarily more effective than prescribed medications. Healthcare providers should base treatment decisions on evidence-based practice rather than assuming an alternative therapy is superior.

D. Financial concerns are important but not the primary reason for inquiring about alternative therapies. The nurse’s main concern is the potential for harmful drug interactions rather than the cost burden on the patient.

A. Healthy and ill subjects B. Subjects with other diseases C. Subjects with disease the drug will treat D. Healthy subjects

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Phase I trials focus on healthy individuals, but the next phase (Phase II) involves patients with the target disease. Including both healthy and ill subjects at this stage is not appropriate.

B. Subjects with other diseases are not included in Phase II trials because the goal is to test the drug in individuals who have the specific condition the drug is intended to treat.

C. Phase II clinical trials focus on evaluating the drug’s efficacy and safety in individuals who have the disease it is designed to treat. This phase helps determine the optimal dosage and potential side effects in the target population.

D. Healthy subjects are included in Phase I trials to assess safety and pharmacokinetics, but in the next phase (Phase II), the study shifts to testing the drug in patients with the disease it is meant to treat.

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The nurse prepares to change a patient's medication from an intravenous to an oral form and notes that the oral form is ordered in a higher dose. The nurse understands that this is due to differences in

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

When taking a medication history on a patient, why should the nurse ask about the use of complementary or alternative therapies?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A clinical drug trial is conducting a study of pharmacokinetics and safety of a drug in healthy individuals. The nurse will assist enrollment of participants into the next phase of the study and will include which subject?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The six rights of medication administration is:

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