The nurse prepares to change a patient's medication from an intravenous to an oral form and notes that the oral form is ordered in a higher dose. The nurse understands that this is due to differences in

Bioavailability

Pinocytosis

Tachyphylaxis

Protein binding

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

a) Bioavailability refers to the proportion of the drug that reaches systemic circulation when administered by a particular route. The oral route typically has lower bioavailability than the intravenous route due to the first-pass metabolism in the liver. Therefore, when switching from an IV form to an oral form, the dose often needs to be higher to achieve the same therapeutic effect.

b) Pinocytosis is a form of endocytosis where cells absorb fluids and small molecules. While important in drug absorption, it is not the reason why oral doses are higher than IV doses.

c) Tachyphylaxis is a rapid tolerance to a drug after its administration, often requiring higher doses over time, but it does not directly explain the need for a higher oral dose.

d) Protein binding refers to how drugs bind to proteins in the blood, which can affect their distribution. However, this is not the main reason why oral doses are higher than IV doses.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Deficient knowledge may be a concern, but the primary focus here is on the safety risk associated with the side effects of the medication, particularly dizziness and orthostatic hypotension, which increase the risk of falls or injury.

B. Ineffective health maintenance is not specific to the medication side effects and does not directly address the patient's safety risk due to the medication.

C. Readiness for enhanced knowledge is more appropriate when the patient is already familiar with their condition and medication and is ready to learn more. This is not the case here, as the focus is on preventing harm from side effects.

D. Risk for injury is the most appropriate nursing diagnosis. Dizziness and orthostatic hypotension increase the risk of falls, which can lead to injury, making this the most relevant concern in this scenario.

A. To ensure a drug is tested for harmful effects. B. To ensure a drug has accurate labeling. C. To ensure a drug is free from adverse reactions. D. To ensure a drug is affordable. E. To ensure a drug is effective.

Correct Answer is ["A","B","E"]

Explanation

a) The FDA is responsible for overseeing the testing of drugs for harmful effects, including preclinical trials and clinical trials, to ensure that drugs do not cause unsafe side effects.

b) The FDA ensures that drugs have accurate labeling, including correct dosage, potential side effects, contraindications, and proper use.

c) The FDA does not guarantee that a drug will be free from adverse reactions. While they regulate and monitor drugs, adverse reactions can still occur after approval, and it is the responsibility of healthcare professionals and the manufacturer to monitor for these post-marketing.

d) The FDA does not ensure drug affordability; the pricing of drugs is influenced by many factors, including market forces, healthcare policies, and manufacturer decisions.

e) The FDA ensures that drugs are effective by overseeing clinical trials to demonstrate that the drug has the intended therapeutic effects for its indicated use.

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The nurse prepares to change a patient's medication from an intravenous to an oral form and notes that the oral form is ordered in a higher dose. The nurse understands that this is due to differences in

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is developing a teaching plan for an elderly patient who will begin taking an antihypertensive drug that causes dizziness and orthostatic hypotension. Which nursing diagnosis is appropriate for this patient?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Which are responsibilities of the FDA? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer is ["A","B","E"]

Explanation

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