The nurse prepares to change a patient's medication from an intravenous to an oral form and notes that the oral form is ordered in a higher dose. The nurse understands that this is due to differences in

Bioavailability

Pinocytosis

Tachyphylaxis

Protein binding

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

a) Bioavailability refers to the proportion of the drug that reaches systemic circulation when administered by a particular route. The oral route typically has lower bioavailability than the intravenous route due to the first-pass metabolism in the liver. Therefore, when switching from an IV form to an oral form, the dose often needs to be higher to achieve the same therapeutic effect.

b) Pinocytosis is a form of endocytosis where cells absorb fluids and small molecules. While important in drug absorption, it is not the reason why oral doses are higher than IV doses.

c) Tachyphylaxis is a rapid tolerance to a drug after its administration, often requiring higher doses over time, but it does not directly explain the need for a higher oral dose.

d) Protein binding refers to how drugs bind to proteins in the blood, which can affect their distribution. However, this is not the main reason why oral doses are higher than IV doses.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. When administering subcutaneous heparin, aspiration should be avoided because it can cause tissue damage and increase the risk of hematoma formation. This statement correctly reflects safe administration technique.

B. Firm pressure on the injection site is not recommended after heparin administration because it can increase the risk of bruising and bleeding. Instead, gentle pressure should be applied if necessary.

C. Subcutaneous injections should be given at a 45- to 90-degree angle, depending on the patient’s body mass. A 10-degree angle is too shallow and may result in improper medication delivery.

D. The subcutaneous route does not provide faster absorption than other routes such as intravenous or intramuscular. Instead, it allows for slow, steady absorption, which is desirable for anticoagulants like heparin.

A. Pharmacoeconomics B. Pharmacotherapeutics C. Pharmacodynamics D. Pharmacokinetics

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

a) Pharmacoeconomics focuses on the cost-effectiveness of drugs and their impact on healthcare systems, not the administration of drugs for specific treatments.

b) Pharmacotherapeutics is the study of how drugs are used to treat, prevent, and diagnose diseases. Since all three nurses are administering medications for diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive purposes, their actions fall under pharmacotherapeutics.

c) Pharmacodynamics refers to the mechanism of action of drugs, including how they interact with receptors and produce physiological effects, but it does not describe drug administration.

d) Pharmacokinetics deals with the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs, but this question is focused on the purpose of drug administration rather than its movement through the body.

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The nurse prepares to change a patient's medication from an intravenous to an oral form and notes that the oral form is ordered in a higher dose. The nurse understands that this is due to differences in

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is teaching an overweight patient to administer subcutaneous heparin. Which statement by the patient indicates understanding of the teaching?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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