The nurse, assisting with Phase I drug studies, is talking with a woman who asks, “Why can't I participate in this study”? What would be the nurse's best response?
Drugs affect women differently than they affect men.
Women are more prone to adverse effects from medications.
Drugs are only tested on men because they are stronger.
Drugs pose a greater risk to women of reproductive age.
The Correct Answer is D
a) While men and women may metabolize drugs differently, this is not the primary reason why women are often excluded from Phase I drug trials.
b) Women are not necessarily more prone to adverse effects, but concerns about fetal exposure and reproductive risks have historically limited women's participation in early trials.
c) This statement is incorrect and misleading. Drug trials are not based on strength but rather on safety, ethical concerns, and risk of reproductive harm.
d) Phase I studies test drugs on healthy volunteers, and historically, women of childbearing age were excluded due to concerns about potential teratogenic effects and unknown risks to a developing fetus. Although regulations have changed, caution is still exercised when including women in early-stage drug trials.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. When administering subcutaneous heparin, aspiration should be avoided because it can cause tissue damage and increase the risk of hematoma formation. This statement correctly reflects safe administration technique.
B. Firm pressure on the injection site is not recommended after heparin administration because it can increase the risk of bruising and bleeding. Instead, gentle pressure should be applied if necessary.
C. Subcutaneous injections should be given at a 45- to 90-degree angle, depending on the patient’s body mass. A 10-degree angle is too shallow and may result in improper medication delivery.
D. The subcutaneous route does not provide faster absorption than other routes such as intravenous or intramuscular. Instead, it allows for slow, steady absorption, which is desirable for anticoagulants like heparin.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
a) Clarifying the order with the charge nurse is not the correct action. The charge nurse may not be able to clarify medication orders and is not the primary contact for this issue.
b) Diluting and administering the medication by gastrostomy tube (GT) is inappropriate because the medication is ordered to be taken p.o. (by mouth), not via the tube.
c) Clarifying the order with the healthcare provider is the most appropriate step. A p.o. order is typically for oral administration, but the client has a gastrotomy tube. The nurse should clarify with the provider whether the medication can be crushed and administered via the tube or if a different route or medication form is necessary.
d) Administering the medication p.o. as ordered would not be appropriate if the client is unable to take oral medications. The nurse should verify the appropriate route of administration based on the patient's condition.
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