A patient's ABG is as follows, interpret the findings:
PH = 7.53
PaCO2 = 23
HCO3 = 22
Compensated Metabolic Acidosis
Compensated Metabolic Alkalosis
Respiratory Alkalosis
Uncompensated Respiratory Alkalosis
Compensated Metabolic Alkalosis
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason: Compensated metabolic acidosis is characterized by a low pH (acidemia) with a compensatory decrease in PaCO2 due to hyperventilation, and typically a low HCO3 as well. In this scenario, the pH is elevated (alkalemia), which rules out metabolic acidosis.
Choice B reason: Compensated metabolic alkalosis is characterized by a high pH (alkalemia) with a compensatory increase in PaCO2 due to hypoventilation, and a high HCO3. In this case, the PaCO2 is low rather than high, and the HCO3 is within the normal range, which rules out metabolic alkalosis.
Choice C reason: Respiratory alkalosis is characterized by a high pH (alkalemia) and a low PaCO2, indicating that the alkalosis is due to excessive loss of CO2 through hyperventilation. The HCO3 is usually normal or slightly decreased as a compensatory mechanism. The provided ABG values (pH = 7.53, PaCO2 = 23, HCO3 = 22) are consistent with respiratory alkalosis, where the elevated pH and low PaCO2 point towards hyperventilation as the cause of the alkalemia.
Choice D reason: Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis would present with a high pH and low PaCO2, without significant compensation by the kidneys (i.e., HCO3 would still be normal). In this scenario, the ABG values fit the description of respiratory alkalosis, but it is considered compensated since the HCO3 is within the normal range, indicating some level of renal compensation.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Protein restriction is not a primary treatment for prerenal kidney injury. While managing protein intake can be important in chronic kidney disease to reduce the workload on the kidneys, it is not directly relevant to the acute management of prerenal kidney injury, which primarily involves restoring adequate blood flow to the kidneys.
Choice B reason: Potassium supplementation is not typically necessary for prerenal kidney injury. In fact, in many cases of kidney injury, there is a risk of hyperkalemia (elevated potassium levels) due to reduced kidney function. Therefore, potassium levels need to be monitored, but supplementation is not a standard treatment.
Choice C reason: Fluid administration to increase cardiac output is the appropriate therapy for prerenal kidney injury. Prerenal kidney injury is caused by reduced blood flow to the kidneys, often due to factors like hypovolemia (low blood volume) or heart failure. Administering fluids helps to restore adequate blood flow and perfusion to the kidneys, which can improve kidney function and resolve the prerenal injury.
Choice D reason: Fluid restriction is not appropriate for prerenal kidney injury, which is characterized by reduced blood flow to the kidneys. In cases where hypovolemia or low cardiac output is the cause, restricting fluids would worsen the condition. Instead, increasing fluid intake helps to restore adequate perfusion to the kidneys.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Hypernatremia (high sodium levels) is not typically associated with ACE inhibitors like enalapril. These medications do not significantly affect sodium levels in the body.
Choice B reason: Hypokalemia (low potassium levels) is not a common concern with ACE inhibitors. In fact, these medications can sometimes cause the opposite effect, leading to higher potassium levels.
Choice C reason: Hypertension (high blood pressure) is the condition that ACE inhibitors like enalapril are prescribed to treat. While monitoring blood pressure is important, it is not the specific concern related to potassium levels.
Choice D reason: Hyperkalemia (high potassium levels) is a significant concern for patients taking ACE inhibitors like enalapril. These medications can increase potassium levels in the blood, which can lead to serious complications such as cardiac arrhythmias. Therefore, patients need to be monitored carefully for signs of hyperkalemia, and their potassium levels should be checked regularly.
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