Administration of which therapy is most appropriate for hypovolemic shock?
Normal Saline
Vasoconstrictor agents
Steroid
5% Dextrose in water
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: Normal Saline is an isotonic crystalloid solution that is commonly used to treat hypovolemic shock. Hypovolemic shock occurs when there is a significant loss of blood or fluids, leading to decreased circulating blood volume and impaired tissue perfusion. The administration of Normal Saline helps to restore the intravascular volume, improve blood pressure, and enhance tissue perfusion. It is considered the first-line treatment for fluid resuscitation in hypovolemic shock because it quickly replaces lost volume without causing significant shifts in fluid balance.
Choice B reason: Vasoconstrictor agents are medications that constrict blood vessels, which can help to increase blood pressure. However, in the context of hypovolemic shock, they are not the first line of treatment. The primary issue in hypovolemic shock is the loss of blood or fluid volume, and the initial focus should be on volume replacement. Vasoconstrictor agents may be used later if there is persistent hypotension despite adequate fluid resuscitation, but they are not appropriate as the initial therapy.
Choice C reason: Steroids are anti-inflammatory agents that can be used in various medical conditions, but they are not indicated for the immediate treatment of hypovolemic shock. The primary concern in hypovolemic shock is rapid volume replacement to restore perfusion. Steroids do not address the underlying issue of fluid loss and are not appropriate in this acute setting.
Choice D reason: 5% Dextrose in water is a hypotonic solution that is primarily used for providing free water and sometimes for delivering glucose. It is not suitable for treating hypovolemic shock because it does not effectively expand the intravascular volume. In fact, it can exacerbate fluid shifts and may lead to worsening hypotension. The appropriate initial therapy for hypovolemic shock is an isotonic solution like Normal Saline, which effectively increases the circulating blood volume.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Seizures with auras can involve symptoms such as sensory disturbances before the seizure event, but they do not typically present with fever, nuchal rigidity (stiff neck), or decreased consciousness. These symptoms suggest an infectious or inflammatory process, not a seizure disorder.
Choice B reason: Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by tremors, stiffness, and bradykinesia (slowness of movement). It does not present with acute fever, headache, nuchal rigidity, or altered consciousness, nor is it associated with a history of sinusitis. The symptoms described are more indicative of an infectious condition rather than a chronic degenerative disease.
Choice C reason: Bacterial meningitis is an infection of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord (meninges). It is characterized by symptoms such as fever, severe headache, nuchal rigidity, and altered consciousness. The history of sinusitis suggests a possible route of infection, as bacteria from the sinuses can spread to the meninges. The clinical presentation strongly supports the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis, which is a medical emergency requiring prompt treatment.
Choice D reason: Migraines can cause severe headaches and may be accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound. However, they do not typically cause fever, nuchal rigidity, or decreased consciousness. The presence of fever and neck stiffness suggests an infectious etiology rather than a primary headache disorder like migraines.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Preventing constipation is not the primary reason for prescribing metoprolol alongside nifedipine. While managing side effects is important in patient care, metoprolol does not have a notable effect on gastrointestinal motility to address constipation.
Choice B reason: Reducing flushing is not the main purpose of metoprolol. Flushing can sometimes be a side effect of vasodilatory medications, but it is not the specific reason for adding a beta-blocker like metoprolol to a treatment regimen involving a calcium channel blocker like nifedipine.
Choice C reason: Minimizing gingival hyperplasia is not the intended effect of metoprolol. Gingival hyperplasia can be a side effect of certain medications, such as calcium channel blockers like nifedipine, but metoprolol does not specifically counteract this effect.
Choice D reason: Preventing reflex tachycardia is the primary reason for prescribing metoprolol alongside nifedipine. Nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker, can cause vasodilation, which may lead to a reflex increase in heart rate (tachycardia) as the body tries to maintain blood pressure. Metoprolol, a beta-blocker, helps prevent this reflex tachycardia by slowing the heart rate and reducing the workload on the heart, thus complementing the antihypertensive effect of nifedipine.
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