A couple seeks counseling about the risk of their child developing a recessive disorder. The woman is affected and upon further testing it is determined that the man is a carrier. Which of the following is true?

There is a 25% chance that the offspring will be a carrier.

There is a 50% chance that the offspring will be a carrier.

There is a 75% chance that the offspring will be a carrier.

There is a 100% chance that the offspring will be a carrier.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason: There is not a 25% chance that the offspring will be a carrier. In the case of recessive disorders, if one parent is affected (homozygous recessive) and the other parent is a carrier (heterozygous), the offspring has a different probability of being a carrier or affected.

Choice B reason: There is a 50% chance that the offspring will be a carrier. If the mother is affected (aa) and the father is a carrier (Aa), each child has a 50% chance of inheriting one recessive allele (a) from the mother and one normal allele (A) from the father, making them a carrier (Aa).

Choice C reason: There is not a 75% chance that the offspring will be a carrier. The probability of the offspring being a carrier or affected follows specific Mendelian inheritance patterns, which do not result in a 75% carrier rate.

Choice D reason: There is not a 100% chance that the offspring will be a carrier. While there is a significant likelihood of the offspring being affected or a carrier, it is not guaranteed that all offspring will be carriers.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Renal stones, also known as kidney stones, are a common complication of gouty arthritis. Gout is caused by the accumulation of uric acid crystals in the joints, leading to inflammation and pain. High levels of uric acid in the blood can also lead to the formation of uric acid stones in the kidneys. These stones can cause severe pain, urinary obstruction, and increase the risk of urinary tract infections. Therefore, patients with gout are at a higher risk of developing renal stones due to the elevated uric acid levels.

Choice B reason: Cholelithiasis, or gallstones, is not directly associated with gouty arthritis. Gallstones are formed from cholesterol or bilirubin in the gallbladder and are more commonly related to conditions such as obesity, diabetes, and certain liver diseases. While they can cause significant health issues, they are not a typical complication of gout.

Choice C reason: Liver failure is not a common complication of gouty arthritis. While liver disease can occur due to other underlying conditions or as a side effect of medications used to treat gout, it is not directly caused by the elevated uric acid levels or the inflammation characteristic of gout.

Choice D reason: Myocarditis, which is inflammation of the heart muscle, is not typically associated with gouty arthritis. Myocarditis can be caused by infections, autoimmune diseases, or other factors, but it is not a known complication of elevated uric acid levels or gout.

A. Hypercalcemia B. Hypocalcemia C. Hypophosphatemia D. Hypermagnesemia

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Hypercalcemia refers to high levels of calcium in the blood, but a positive Chvostek sign is not indicative of hypercalcemia. In fact, hypercalcemia generally results in symptoms such as muscle weakness, fatigue, and nausea rather than the specific neuromuscular irritability seen with a positive Chvostek sign.

Choice B reason: Hypocalcemia refers to low levels of calcium in the blood and is associated with a positive Chvostek sign. The Chvostek sign is a clinical test where tapping on the facial nerve triggers twitching of the facial muscles. This occurs due to increased neuromuscular excitability caused by low calcium levels.

Choice C reason: Hypophosphatemia refers to low levels of phosphate in the blood. It is not directly associated with a positive Chvostek sign. While electrolyte imbalances can affect neuromuscular function, hypocalcemia is specifically linked to the Chvostek sign.

Choice D reason: Hypermagnesemia refers to high levels of magnesium in the blood and is not related to a positive Chvostek sign. Hypermagnesemia often causes symptoms such as muscle weakness, nausea, and hypotension rather than the neuromuscular irritability seen with a positive Chvostek sign.

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A couple seeks counseling about the risk of their child developing a recessive disorder. The woman is affected and upon further testing it is determined that the man is a carrier. Which of the following is true?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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