The factors of Virchow's triad can result in:
Bronchoconstriction.
Pulmonary embolus.
Decreased pulmonary arterial pressure.
Alveolar collapse.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: Bronchoconstriction refers to the narrowing of the airways in the lungs due to the contraction of the surrounding smooth muscle. This condition is typically associated with asthma or allergic reactions and is not directly related to Virchow's triad, which concerns factors leading to thrombosis (formation of blood clots).
Choice B reason: Pulmonary embolus is a blockage in one of the pulmonary arteries in the lungs, usually caused by blood clots that travel to the lungs from the legs or other parts of the body (deep vein thrombosis). Virchow's triad describes the three primary factors that predispose individuals to thrombosis: hypercoagulability (increased tendency of blood to clot), stasis of blood flow, and endothelial injury (damage to the blood vessel wall). These factors contribute to the formation of blood clots, which can ultimately result in a pulmonary embolus if they dislodge and travel to the lungs.
Choice C reason: Decreased pulmonary arterial pressure is not a consequence of the factors described in Virchow's triad. In fact, a pulmonary embolus can lead to increased pulmonary arterial pressure due to the obstruction of blood flow in the pulmonary arteries, which can strain the right side of the heart and lead to complications.
Choice D reason: Alveolar collapse, also known as atelectasis, occurs when the tiny air sacs in the lungs (alveoli) deflate or fill with fluid. This condition is typically due to reasons such as airway obstruction, surfactant deficiency, or lung compression, and is not directly related to the formation of blood clots described by Virchow's triad.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Amphotericin B is typically administered intravenously because it is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and thus not suitable for oral administration. It is used to treat severe systemic fungal infections and is known for its potential nephrotoxicity and other adverse effects.
Choice B reason: Azoles, such as fluconazole and itraconazole, generally have lower toxicity compared to amphotericin B. They are often used as first-line treatments for many fungal infections due to their safer side effect profile. Azoles work by inhibiting the synthesis of ergosterol, an essential component of fungal cell membranes, and are available in both oral and intravenous formulations, making them more versatile in their use.
Choice C reason: While amphotericin B does have some drug interactions, it is not typically known for significantly increasing the levels of many other drugs. Instead, the primary concern with amphotericin B is its potential for nephrotoxicity and other direct adverse effects on the patient.
Choice D reason: Both amphotericin B and azoles are considered broad-spectrum antifungal agents. Amphotericin B is effective against a wide range of fungi, including many that are resistant to other antifungal agents. Azoles are also broad-spectrum and are used to treat a variety of fungal infections, but they generally have a better safety profile than amphotericin B.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Compensated metabolic acidosis is characterized by a low pH (acidemia) with a compensatory decrease in PaCO2 due to hyperventilation, and typically a low HCO3 as well. In this scenario, the pH is elevated (alkalemia), which rules out metabolic acidosis.
Choice B reason: Compensated metabolic alkalosis is characterized by a high pH (alkalemia) with a compensatory increase in PaCO2 due to hypoventilation, and a high HCO3. In this case, the PaCO2 is low rather than high, and the HCO3 is within the normal range, which rules out metabolic alkalosis.
Choice C reason: Respiratory alkalosis is characterized by a high pH (alkalemia) and a low PaCO2, indicating that the alkalosis is due to excessive loss of CO2 through hyperventilation. The HCO3 is usually normal or slightly decreased as a compensatory mechanism. The provided ABG values (pH = 7.53, PaCO2 = 23, HCO3 = 22) are consistent with respiratory alkalosis, where the elevated pH and low PaCO2 point towards hyperventilation as the cause of the alkalemia.
Choice D reason: Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis would present with a high pH and low PaCO2, without significant compensation by the kidneys (i.e., HCO3 would still be normal). In this scenario, the ABG values fit the description of respiratory alkalosis, but it is considered compensated since the HCO3 is within the normal range, indicating some level of renal compensation.
Whether you are a student looking to ace your exams or a practicing nurse seeking to enhance your expertise , our nursing education contents will empower you with the confidence and competence to make a difference in the lives of patients and become a respected leader in the healthcare field.
Visit Naxlex, invest in your future and unlock endless possibilities with our unparalleled nursing education contents today
Report Wrong Answer on the Current Question
Do you disagree with the answer? If yes, what is your expected answer? Explain.
Kindly be descriptive with the issue you are facing.