Postrenal acute kidney injury may be caused by:

Choice A reason: Nonadherence to the antiviral regimen could lead to a resurgence of HIV symptoms and a higher viral load, but it is not typically associated with the symptoms of increased hunger, thirst, and frequent urination described by the patient.

Choice B reason: Pancreatic infiltration by HIV is a rare complication and would not be the first suspicion in this scenario. While HIV can affect multiple organs, the symptoms described are more suggestive of metabolic issues rather than direct infiltration of the pancreas.

Choice C reason: An allergic reaction to the medication would more likely present with symptoms such as rash, itching, swelling, or difficulty breathing rather than the metabolic symptoms described. Allergic reactions typically do not cause increased hunger, thirst, or frequent urination.

Choice D reason: Hyperglycemia (high blood sugar levels) is the most likely cause of the symptoms described. Protease inhibitors can lead to metabolic side effects, including insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. Symptoms of hyperglycemia include increased hunger (polyphagia), increased thirst (polydipsia), and frequent urination (polyuria). These findings are consistent with the patient's complaints and should be investigated further to manage the side effects of the medication.

Choice A reason: While some patients might need short-term thyroid replacement therapy after radioactive iodine treatment, this is not as common as the need for long-term or lifelong therapy. Radioactive iodine often causes hypothyroidism, which requires ongoing thyroid hormone replacement.

Choice B reason: Radioactive iodine treatment frequently leads to hypothyroidism, where the thyroid gland no longer produces enough thyroid hormone. As a result, patients often require lifelong thyroid hormone replacement therapy to maintain normal thyroid function. This is a common outcome and patients should be prepared for this possibility when undergoing treatment for Graves' disease.

Choice C reason: Although radioactive iodine is effective in treating Graves' disease, it does not guarantee full recovery without the need for further treatment. Most patients will develop hypothyroidism and need thyroid hormone replacement therapy. Complete recovery without any need for ongoing management is uncommon.

Choice D reason: Lifelong iodine treatment is not required after radioactive iodine therapy for Graves' disease. The primary treatment involves administering a specific dose of radioactive iodine to ablate the overactive thyroid tissue. Following this, patients typically need thyroid hormone replacement therapy, not continuous iodine treatment.