A traumatic brain injury that affects the pituitary gland or hypothalamus can cause which of the following?

Unstable blood pressure

Diabetes insipidus

Diabetes mellitus

Altered respiratory rate

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Unstable blood pressure can occur with damage to the hypothalamus or pituitary, but it is more commonly associated with other neurological conditions. While blood pressure may fluctuate, it is not the most direct result of pituitary or hypothalamic damage.

B. Diabetes insipidus is the correct answer. The pituitary gland secretes antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which helps regulate water balance. Damage to the pituitary or hypothalamus can lead to a deficiency of ADH, causing diabetes insipidus, which is characterized by excessive thirst and urination.

C. Diabetes mellitus is a condition related to insulin production and blood sugar regulation, typically caused by pancreatic issues, not damage to the pituitary or hypothalamus.

D. Altered respiratory rate can occur with brain injury, but it is more commonly associated with damage to the brainstem rather than the hypothalamus or pituitary.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Attempt to determine what the client was looking for is the best response. In Alzheimer's disease, clients may exhibit wandering behavior and confusion, often seeking something familiar or trying to meet an unmet need. Understanding what the client was looking for can help address their needs and prevent further agitation.

B. Reprimanding the client for invading the other client's privacy is not appropriate. Clients with Alzheimer's disease may not be aware of the concept of privacy or the impact of their actions. Reprimanding can cause distress and confusion.

C. Explaining the client's Alzheimer's diagnosis to the frightened client may help provide understanding, but it does not address the immediate concern of calming the frightened client. The focus should be on managing the behavior in the moment.

D. Asking the client to apologize for his behavior is not appropriate, as the client may not have the cognitive ability to understand or remember the need to apologize. This could cause frustration and confusion.

A. Dopamine B. Norepinephrine C. Serotonin D. Glutamate

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Dopamine is the neurotransmitter that is decreased in individuals with Parkinson's disease. Parkinson's disease is characterized by the degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain, leading to motor symptoms such as tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia. Levodopa, a precursor to dopamine, is used to increase dopamine levels in the brain and alleviate symptoms.

B. Norepinephrine is involved in mood regulation and other functions, but it is not the primary neurotransmitter involved in Parkinson's disease.

C. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that affects mood, sleep, and appetite, but it is not the primary neurotransmitter involved in Parkinson's disease.

D. Glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter, but its role is more related to other conditions like neurodegenerative diseases such as ALS, rather than Parkinson's disease.

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A traumatic brain injury that affects the pituitary gland or hypothalamus can cause which of the following?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client who has Alzheimer's disease. The nurse discovers the client entering the room of another client, who becomes upset and frightened. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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