A traumatic brain injury that affects the pituitary gland or hypothalamus can cause which of the following?

Unstable blood pressure

Diabetes insipidus

Diabetes mellitus

Altered respiratory rate

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Unstable blood pressure can occur with damage to the hypothalamus or pituitary, but it is more commonly associated with other neurological conditions. While blood pressure may fluctuate, it is not the most direct result of pituitary or hypothalamic damage.

B. Diabetes insipidus is the correct answer. The pituitary gland secretes antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which helps regulate water balance. Damage to the pituitary or hypothalamus can lead to a deficiency of ADH, causing diabetes insipidus, which is characterized by excessive thirst and urination.

C. Diabetes mellitus is a condition related to insulin production and blood sugar regulation, typically caused by pancreatic issues, not damage to the pituitary or hypothalamus.

D. Altered respiratory rate can occur with brain injury, but it is more commonly associated with damage to the brainstem rather than the hypothalamus or pituitary.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Bowel or bladder incontinence is a medical emergency and should be immediately reported. This symptom can indicate cauda equina syndrome, a condition caused by compression of the spinal nerves at the lower end of the spinal cord. This requires urgent surgical intervention to prevent permanent nerve damage.

B. Lower back pain is a common symptom of a herniated lumbar disk, but it is not an immediate emergency unless accompanied by other severe symptoms.

C. Muscle spasms are also common with a herniated disk and, while uncomfortable, are not immediately life-threatening.

D. Pain radiating down one leg (sciatica) is a typical symptom of a herniated lumbar disk and is often managed conservatively, unless it is severe or accompanied by other neurological deficits.

A. Place the patient in isolation B. Assess the patient's pain level C. Pad the patient's bed rails D. Teach the patient what to expect with radiation treatments

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Isolation is not typically required for a patient receiving radiation unless there is a specific infection concern. Radiation does not require isolation.

B. While assessing pain is important, the priority at this point is to ensure that the patient understands the treatment process and what to expect, which can help reduce anxiety and improve cooperation during treatment.

C. Padding the bed rails is typically done for patients at risk of seizures or injury. While this might be relevant for some patients with brain tumors, the immediate priority is to educate the patient about the treatment.

D. Teaching the patient what to expect with radiation treatments is the priority. This helps reduce anxiety, ensures informed consent, and prepares the patient for the treatment process. Education about side effects, the procedure, and the expected outcomes is crucial for managing the patient’s experience.

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A traumatic brain injury that affects the pituitary gland or hypothalamus can cause which of the following?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client has a herniated lumbar disk at L5. The nurse knows that which of the following symptoms needs to be immediately reported to the RN or physician?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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