Which signs may be positive in the patient with meningitis?
Kernig and Brudzinski sign
Patellar reflex
Pupillary reflex
Blumberg sign
The Correct Answer is A
A. Kernig's sign is positive when there is pain and resistance to extending the leg at the knee when the hip is flexed, and Brudzinski's sign is positive when the client involuntarily flexes their knees and hips when the neck is flexed. These are both signs of meningeal irritation, which is characteristic of meningitis.
B. The patellar reflex is a deep tendon reflex that assesses the function of the L2-L4 spinal nerves. It is not specific to meningitis and would not be a primary indicator.
C. The pupillary reflex assesses the response of the pupils to light and is not specific to meningitis. It can be affected by various neurological conditions, but it is not a primary sign of meningitis.
D. Blumberg's sign is associated with peritonitis and indicates rebound tenderness in the abdomen. It is not related to meningitis, which affects the central nervous system rather than the abdominal cavity.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Neutropenic precautions are used for clients with compromised immune systems, such as those undergoing chemotherapy or bone marrow suppression. This is not appropriate for bacterial meningitis.
B. Contact isolation is used for infections that are transmitted through direct contact with the patient or their environment, such as MRSA or C. difficile. Bacterial meningitis, however, is spread through respiratory droplets.
C. Universal precautions refer to standard infection control practices (like hand hygiene and wearing gloves) that apply to all patients, but specific precautions are needed for certain infections like bacterial meningitis.
D. Droplet isolation is necessary for bacterial meningitis, as it is transmitted via respiratory droplets from coughing, sneezing, or talking. This isolation prevents the spread of the infection to others in close proximity.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Huntington disease is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder, meaning that if one parent has the gene, each child has a 50% chance of inheriting it. Therefore, all family members are at risk for the disease.
B. While genetic testing may be relevant for the patient’s children, it is not limited only to them. The patient and other family members are also at risk and may choose to be tested.
C. Huntington disease typically manifests between ages 30 and 50, and there is no age cutoff for determining risk. Early diagnosis may occur, but not being diagnosed by age 20 does not rule out the disease.
D. While genetic testing can confirm the presence of the gene, it is not the only way to determine risk. Family history and clinical symptoms are also key factors in understanding the risk for Huntington disease.
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