According to Pavlov, what would cause someone to have a phobia of the color green?
Having frightening memories located in the subconscious, which is represented by the color green
Previously encountering something terrifying that involved the color green
Experiencing a brain injury that resulted in a distorted perception of the color green
Having very little exposure to the color green as a young child but repeated exposure to other colors
The Correct Answer is B
A. This option refers more to psychoanalytic theory rather than classical conditioning.
B. In classical conditioning, a phobia of the color green could result from a terrifying event (unconditioned stimulus) that involved the color green (neutral stimulus), which then becomes a conditioned stimulus causing fear.
C. A brain injury causing a distorted perception is not related to Pavlov’s concept of classical conditioning.
D. Lack of exposure to a color would not typically result in a phobia according to classical conditioning principles.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. State-dependent memory refers to the influence of physiological or emotional states on memory retrieval, not the physical context.
B. False memory involves the creation of inaccurate memories, which does not apply here.
C. Context-dependent memory refers to the idea that memory retrieval is enhanced when the context during learning matches the context during retrieval, such as taking the exam in the same environment where the material was learned.
D. Long-term memory refers to memory storage over time, but the effect described is related to context rather than duration of memory storage.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Cognitive therapy focuses on changing thought patterns, not directly on behavior modification through reinforcement.
B. Operant conditioning therapy uses reinforcement to encourage desirable behavior, and a token economy is a system where tokens are earned for specific behaviors and later exchanged for rewards.
C. Classical conditioning therapy involves pairing stimuli to evoke responses, such as in Pavlov's experiments, but it doesn't typically use reinforcement systems like token economies.
D. Gestalt therapy focuses on personal awareness and the present moment, not behavior reinforcement systems like token economies.
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