During a treatment meeting in an oncology unit, the nurse learns that a patient is scheduled for chemotherapy before surgery. What are the purposes for this patient to receive chemotherapy at this specific time?

Allow the immune system to kill cancer cells

Eradicate all cancer cells

Shrine tumor

Improve wound healing

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. While the immune system may help in attacking cancer cells, chemotherapy is not given before surgery specifically to assist the immune system.
B. Eradicating all cancer cells is the ultimate goal of cancer treatment, but chemotherapy before surgery (neoadjuvant chemotherapy) is not guaranteed to eliminate all cancer cells.
C. Shrink tumor is the correct answer. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is administered before surgery to reduce the size of the tumor, making it easier to remove surgically and potentially allowing for less extensive surgery.
D. Chemotherapy does not improve wound healing; in fact, it can sometimes impair the body’s ability to heal due to its effects on rapidly dividing cells, including those involved in tissue repair.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Slowing carbohydrate absorption in the small intestine is the primary action of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, not metformin.
B. Reducing glucose production by the liver and enhancing insulin sensitivity accurately describes metformin’s mechanism. It lowers hepatic glucose output and improves peripheral uptake of glucose, making it the first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes.
C. Increasing insulin production from the pancreas is the action of sulfonylureas, not metformin. Metformin does not stimulate insulin secretion.
D. Increasing insulin release, inhibiting glucagon, and delaying gastric emptying describes the action of GLP-1 receptor agonists, not metformin.

A. "My cancer is probably caused by a disorder in my hematological system." B. "My cancer is probably caused by a disorder of my endocrine system." C. "My cancer is probably caused by a disorder of my immune system." D. "My cancer is probably caused by a disorder on my gastrointestinal system."

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Hematological disorders can influence the development of certain cancers (such as leukemia), but it is not a general cause of most cancers.
B. Endocrine system disorders can sometimes contribute to hormone-driven cancers (e.g., breast or prostate cancer), but it is not the primary cause of all cancers.
C. Immune system dysfunction can lead to an increased risk of cancer. The immune system is responsible for identifying and destroying abnormal cells, so when the immune system is compromised (e.g., by immunosuppression), cancer can develop more easily.
D. Gastrointestinal system disorders may contribute to cancers of the digestive tract (e.g., colon cancer), but the statement does not reflect the broader pathogenesis of cancer, which involves complex genetic and cellular mutations.

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During a treatment meeting in an oncology unit, the nurse learns that a patient is scheduled for chemotherapy before surgery. What are the purposes for this patient to receive chemotherapy at this specific time?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The newly diagnosed patient with type 2 diabetes has been prescribed metformin (Glucophage). What should the nurse tell the patient to best explain how this medication works?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Which statement by a patient who was recently diagnosed with cancer indicates an understanding of the pathogenesis of cancer?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a female client who has bulimia nervosa and reports frequent self-induced vomiting. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

A nurse is caring for a client who has experienced a stroke and exhibits parkinsonian effects. The client's cognition fluctuates. Which of the following types of dementia should the nurse expect the client to have?

A patient, who is admitted with diabetes mellitus, has a glucose level of 380 mg/dL and a moderate level of ketones in the urine. As the nurse assesses for signs of ketoacidosis, which respiratory pattern would the nurse expect to find?

The nurse has been teaching a patient with diabetes mellitus how to perform self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG). During evaluation of the patient's technique, the nurse identifies a need for additional teaching when the patient does what?

A nurse is assessing a client who has paranoid personality disorder. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Which pathogen is the result of decades of use of unnecessary antibiotics and the most prevalent in the United States

After 1 week of sudden continuous mental confusion, an older African American client is admitted with a preliminary diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). What should cause the nurse to question this diagnosis?

The nurse is caring for a patient with leukemia who is experiencing neutropenia as a result of chemotherapy. Which action should the nurse include in the plan of care for this patient?