After reviewing the history of a group of clients, which client should the nurse identify as having the greatest risk for cancer?
A 40-year-old client who smoked cigarettes as a teen.
A 50-year-old woman with a maternal history of breast cancer.
A woman who had a total hysterectomy 5 years ago for a grade 4 Pap smear.
A man with no tumor marker elevation 3 years after prostate cancer treatment.
The Correct Answer is B
A. A 40-year-old client who smoked cigarettes as a teen. While smoking is a known risk factor for several cancers, a brief history of smoking in adolescence does not pose as high a risk as a strong family history of breast cancer. Long-term smoking exposure is more strongly linked to lung and other cancers.
B. A 50-year-old woman with a maternal history of breast cancer. A family history of breast cancer, especially in a first-degree relative (mother, sister, or daughter), significantly increases the risk of developing breast cancer. This client may also carry genetic mutations such as BRCA1 or BRCA2, further elevating the risk.
C. A woman who had a total hysterectomy 5 years ago for a grade 4 Pap smear. A grade 4 Pap smear indicates severe cervical dysplasia or carcinoma in situ, but a total hysterectomy removes the uterus and cervix, significantly reducing the risk of cervical cancer recurrence.
D. A man with no tumor marker elevation 3 years after prostate cancer treatment. This client is in remission with no current signs of active cancer. While prostate cancer survivors require monitoring, his risk is lower compared to someone with an active familial predisposition to cancer.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["C","D","F","G"]
Explanation
Heart rate 88 beats/minute: This is within the normal range (60-100 bpm) and does not require immediate intervention.
Blood pressure 122/72 mm Hg: This is within a normal range and does not indicate an urgent issue.
Temperature 100.5°F (38°C): An elevated temperature suggests a possible infection, such as cellulitis or deep vein thrombosis (DVT), which requires further evaluation.
Reports of pain with ambulation: Pain with walking, especially in a client with peripheral vascular disease and diabetes, may indicate worsening circulation, infection, or DVT.
Respirations 20 breaths/minute: This is within the normal range (12-20 breaths/minute) and does not require immediate intervention.
Left lower leg with erythema, warm, and swollen: These are signs of inflammation or infection, such as cellulitis or a possible DVT, both of which require urgent medical attention.
Blood glucose 252 mg/dL (13.9 mmol/L): Elevated blood glucose can impair wound healing, increase the risk of infection, and contribute to further complications in a client with diabetes.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Remove the ink marks of the portal after each radiation treatment. Ink marks should not be removed, as they help ensure precise radiation targeting during each session. The marks should remain visible until the treatment plan is complete.
B. Apply moisture lotions daily to the radiation portal site. Many lotions and creams contain ingredients that can irritate the skin or interfere with radiation therapy. Only approved, non-irritating, fragrance-free moisturizers should be used, and typically only after consulting the oncology provider.
C. Protect the skin of the radiation portal site from sunlight exposure. Radiation therapy increases skin sensitivity, making it more vulnerable to sunburn and damage. Clients should cover the treated area with loose clothing or use sunscreen (SPF 30 or higher) if sun exposure is unavoidable.
D. Avoid washing the skin inside the radiation portal site. Gentle washing with mild soap and lukewarm water is recommended to keep the area clean and reduce irritation. Harsh scrubbing, hot water, and scented soaps should be avoided.
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