The nurse is assessing the nutritional status of a group of clients in a long term care facility. Which pathophysiological process poses the highest risk for malnutrition in this population?
Crohn's disease.
Gastroesophageal reflux.
Cholecystitis.
Diverticulosis.
The Correct Answer is A
A. Crohn's disease. Crohn’s disease is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that affects nutrient absorption, leading to malnutrition. It can cause diarrhea, abdominal pain, and intestinal damage, reducing the body's ability to absorb essential nutrients such as proteins, vitamins, and minerals. Clients may also have anorexia and weight loss due to inflammation and malabsorption.
B. Gastroesophageal reflux. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) can cause discomfort and lead to dietary modifications, but it does not directly cause severe malnutrition. Clients may avoid certain foods, but overall nutrient absorption remains intact.
C. Cholecystitis. Cholecystitis (inflammation of the gallbladder) primarily affects fat digestion. While clients may experience discomfort with fatty foods, it does not typically lead to widespread malnutrition.
D. Diverticulosis. Diverticulosis is usually asymptomatic and does not impair nutrient absorption. While dietary fiber intake is important to prevent complications like diverticulitis, this condition does not pose a high risk for malnutrition compared to Crohn’s disease.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Lordosis. Lordosis (excessive inward curvature of the lower spine) is not a normal part of aging. It is more commonly associated with pregnancy, obesity, or certain musculoskeletal conditions rather than normal aging.
B. Barrel chest. A barrel chest (increased anteroposterior chest diameter) is commonly associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), not normal aging. While lung compliance decreases with age, a barrel chest is not a typical age-related change.
C. Pectus excavatum. Pectus excavatum (a sunken or concave chest) is a congenital chest wall deformity and is not related to aging.
D. Kyphosis. Kyphosis (excessive outward curvature of the upper spine, leading to a hunched posture) is a normal age-related change due to bone density loss, vertebral compression, and degenerative changes in the spine. It is more common in older adults, especially those with osteoporosis.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Activation of exocytosis. Exocytosis is a cellular process used for releasing substances such as neurotransmitters or hormones, but it is not the primary response to inflammation. The immune response involves chemical mediators like histamine, prostaglandins, and cytokines, which increase vascular permeability.
B. Vasoconstriction. Vasodilation, not vasoconstriction, is a hallmark of inflammation. Initially, there may be a brief period of vasoconstriction, but the primary response is vasodilation, which increases blood flow to the inflamed area.
C. Decreased histamine production. Histamine production increases during inflammation, leading to vasodilation and increased vascular permeability. This allows immune cells to travel to the site of injury or infection.
D. Increased vascular permeability. The inflammatory response involves increased vascular permeability, allowing immune cells, proteins, and fluid to move from the bloodstream into tissues to fight infection and promote healing. This process leads to swelling (edema), redness, and warmth, which are classic signs of inflammation.
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