After taking their wedding vows, a bride and groom often ceremonially use which of the following muscles before walking away from the altar?
Platysma
Masseter
Sternocleidomastoid
Orbicularis oris
Zygomaticus
The Correct Answer is E
Choice A reason: The platysma is a superficial neck muscle involved in depressing the mandible and tensing the skin of the neck. It is not associated with facial expressions like smiling.
Choice B reason: The masseter is a powerful jaw muscle responsible for chewing. It does not contribute to smiling or ceremonial expressions.
Choice C reason: The sternocleidomastoid is a neck muscle involved in head rotation and flexion. It is not used in facial expressions.
Choice D reason: The orbicularis oris encircles the mouth and is responsible for movements like puckering or closing the lips. While it may be involved in kissing, it is not the primary muscle used for smiling.
Choice E reason: The zygomaticus muscle, specifically the zygomaticus major, elevates the corners of the mouth and is the primary muscle used in smiling. It is commonly activated during joyful expressions, such as those seen in wedding ceremonies.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is secreted by the parathyroid glands in response to low blood calcium levels. It stimulates osteoclast activity, leading to bone resorption and the release of calcium into the bloodstream. PTH also enhances calcium reabsorption in the kidneys and activates vitamin D to increase intestinal calcium absorption.
Choice B reason: Thyroxine, produced by the thyroid gland, primarily regulates metabolism. While it influences bone growth and development indirectly, it does not directly stimulate osteoclast activity or calcium release.
Choice C reason: Osteocalcin is a non-collagenous protein secreted by osteoblasts and is involved in bone mineralization and calcium ion homeostasis. However, it does not stimulate osteoclast activity or increase blood calcium levels.
Choice D reason: Calcitonin is secreted by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland in response to high blood calcium levels. It inhibits osteoclast activity, thereby reducing bone resorption and lowering blood calcium levels. It acts in opposition to PTH.
Correct Answer is E
Explanation
Choice A reason: Osteoclasts are large, multinucleated cells responsible for bone resorption. They do not arise from osteoblasts and are not involved in matrix secretion.
Choice B reason: Osteogenic cells are stem cells that differentiate into osteoblasts. They are precursors, not the result of matrix entrapment.
Choice C reason: Chondrocytes are cartilage cells, not bone cells. They originate from chondroblasts and are unrelated to osteoblast transformation.
Choice D reason: Osteoid refers to the unmineralized bone matrix secreted by osteoblasts. "Osteoid cell" is not a recognized term for a mature bone cell.
Choice E reason: Osteocyte is the correct answer. Once an osteoblast becomes encased in the bone matrix it secretes, it differentiates into an osteocyte. Osteocytes reside in lacunae and maintain bone tissue.
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