All are types of schizoaffective disorder except,

A. Clozapine (Clozaril) is a second-generation (atypical) antipsychotic with a high risk of weight gain, metabolic syndrome, and sedation due to its strong antagonism of histamine (H1) and serotonin (5-HT2C) receptors. It can also cause sexual dysfunction due to its impact on dopamine and prolactin levels.

B. Olanzapine (Zyprexa) has a significant risk of weight gain and metabolic side effects, similar to clozapine. It is known to cause hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, and increased appetite, contributing to obesity. Sexual dysfunction can occur but is less common than with prolactin-elevating antipsychotics.

C. Haloperidol (Haldol) is a first-generation (typical) antipsychotic with a high risk of sexual dysfunction due to prolactin elevation from strong dopamine (D2) receptor blockade. While it has a lower risk of weight gain than atypical antipsychotics, it carries a high risk of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS).

D. Aripiprazole (Abilify) is a partial dopamine agonist and has the lowest risk of weight gain among atypical antipsychotics. It also has a minimal impact on prolactin levels, reducing the risk of sexual dysfunction. Due to its unique mechanism, it is often preferred for patients concerned about metabolic side effects and sexual health.

A. Fear of abandonment. Individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD) have an intense fear of abandonment, leading to frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined rejection. This fear often results in unstable relationships, clingy behavior, or extreme emotional reactions to perceived neglect.

B. No remorse. Lack of remorse is characteristic of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), not BPD. People with BPD may experience guilt, regret, and self-loathing, particularly after impulsive actions or relationship conflicts. Unlike ASPD, they do not engage in manipulative or harmful behavior without concern for others' feelings.

C. Mood swings. Rapid and intense mood swings are a hallmark of BPD. Affected individuals may shift from euphoria to despair within hours, often triggered by interpersonal stressors. This emotional instability contributes to self-destructive behaviors and difficulty maintaining relationships.

D. Impulsivity. People with BPD frequently engage in impulsive and reckless behaviors, such as substance abuse, binge eating, reckless driving, or self-harm. These behaviors are often driven by emotional dysregulation and difficulty coping with distress.