All of the following are second generation antipsychotics except
haloperidol (Haldol)
ziprasidone (Geodon)
risperidone (Risperdal)
olanzapine (Zyprexa)
The Correct Answer is A
A. Haloperidol (Haldol) is a first-generation (typical) antipsychotic that primarily blocks dopamine (D2) receptors. It is associated with a higher risk of extrapyramidal side effects (EPS), including dystonia, akathisia, and tardive dyskinesia, compared to second-generation antipsychotics.
B. Ziprasidone (Geodon) is a second-generation (atypical) antipsychotic that blocks both dopamine (D2) and serotonin (5-HT2A) receptors. It has a lower risk of EPS but can cause QT prolongation, requiring ECG monitoring in patients with cardiac conditions.
C. Risperidone (Risperdal) is a second-generation antipsychotic with dopamine and serotonin antagonism. It is effective for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and irritability in autism but has a higher likelihood of prolactin elevation and EPS at higher doses.
D. Olanzapine (Zyprexa) is a second-generation antipsychotic known for its high risk of metabolic side effects, including weight gain, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. It has a lower risk of EPS compared to first-generation antipsychotics.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. "Made up" words. This describes neologisms, where individuals create new, nonsensical words that have meaning only to them. It is often seen in schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders.
B. Repeating of another's words. This describes echolalia, a speech disturbance where individuals involuntarily repeat words or phrases spoken by others. It is common in autism spectrum disorder, catatonia, and some neurological conditions.
C. Thought of the speaker wanders off in another direction. Tangentiality occurs when a person's train of thought drifts away from the original topic and never returns to it. Unlike circumstantial speech, where the person eventually returns to the point, tangential thinking leads to incoherent, off-topic responses, commonly seen in schizophrenia, mania, and cognitive disorders.
D. Meaningless rhythm of words. This describes word salad, where speech consists of random, disorganized, and nonsensical words without logical structure. It is a severe thought disorder seen in advanced schizophrenia or delirium.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Fear of rejection. Individuals with avoidant personality disorder (AVPD) have an intense fear of rejection or criticism, leading them to avoid social situations, relationships, and new experiences despite wanting social connection. This fear stems from deep feelings of inadequacy.
B. Jealous of others. Jealousy is not a defining trait of AVPD but is more commonly associated with narcissistic or borderline personality disorders. People with AVPD are more self-critical and insecure rather than envious of others’ success or relationships.
C. Afraid to make new relationships. Those with AVPD struggle to form new relationships due to fear of embarrassment, criticism, or social failure. They often require strong reassurance and validation before feeling comfortable in social settings.
D. Avoids social interactions. Avoidance of social interactions is a hallmark of AVPD, as individuals tend to withdraw from work, friendships, and social activities to protect themselves from perceived humiliation or failure.
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