Which of the following is a diagnostic test for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

A. Overreaction of a medical symptom. While individuals with illness anxiety disorder (IAD) may misinterpret normal bodily sensations as signs of serious illness, the key feature is excessive health-related worry in the absence of significant symptoms, rather than just overreacting to existing symptoms.

B. Faked symptoms. Feigning symptoms is characteristic of factitious disorder (formerly Munchausen syndrome) or malingering, where individuals intentionally produce or exaggerate symptoms for attention or external gain. In IAD, the concern is genuine but unfounded, rather than intentionally fabricated.

C. Abnormal voluntary motor or sensory dysfunction. This describes conversion disorder (functional neurological symptom disorder), where individuals experience neurological symptoms (e.g., paralysis, blindness, or seizures) without a medical explanation, typically triggered by psychological stress.

D. Worry about health despite no symptoms. Illness anxiety disorder (IAD) is marked by persistent, excessive fear of having a serious illness, despite minimal or no symptoms and repeated medical reassurance. Patients often engage in excessive health-related behaviors (e.g., frequent doctor visits, checking their body) or avoid medical care altogether due to fear of diagnosis.

A. Cesar's Assessment Scale. There is no widely recognized Cesar's Assessment Scale for diagnosing ADHD.

B. Hamilton Assessment Scale. The Hamilton scales (HAM-A and HAM-D) are used to assess anxiety and depression, not ADHD. They measure emotional symptoms, somatic complaints, and cognitive impairments associated with mood disorders.

C. Vanderbilt Assessment Scale. The Vanderbilt Assessment Scale is a validated tool used for ADHD diagnosis in children. It assesses inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity, and associated behavioral problems based on parent and teacher reports. It also screens for common comorbidities such as oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and anxiety disorders.

D. Columbia Assessment Scale. The Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) is used to assess suicidal ideation and behavior, not ADHD. It is primarily applied in psychiatric evaluations and crisis intervention settings.