Which of the following best describes an illusion?
False belief that someone is following.
Misinterpretation of real experience.
Feeling things that are not there.
Hearing voices that are not there.
The Correct Answer is B
A. False belief that someone is following. This describes a persecutory delusion, a type of false, fixed belief where a person is convinced they are being watched, followed, or harmed despite no evidence. Delusions are thought disturbances, whereas illusions involve misinterpretations of sensory stimuli.
B. Misinterpretation of real experience. An illusion occurs when a person misperceives an actual external stimulus. For example, seeing a coat hanging in a dark room and mistaking it for a person. Unlike hallucinations, illusions are based on real sensory input that is distorted or misinterpreted.
C. Feeling things that are not there. This describes a tactile hallucination, where a person experiences false sensory perceptions of touch, such as bugs crawling on the skin. Tactile hallucinations are commonly seen in substance withdrawal (e.g., alcohol withdrawal, cocaine intoxication) and psychotic disorders.
D. Hearing voices that are not there. This describes an auditory hallucination, the most common type of hallucination in schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. Unlike illusions, hallucinations occur without any external stimulus and are perceived as real by the affected individual.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Lurasidone (Latuda) is a second-generation (atypical) antipsychotic, not a third-generation antipsychotic. It primarily blocks dopamine (D2) and serotonin (5-HT2A) receptors and is used to treat schizophrenia and bipolar depression.
B. Cariprazine (Vraylar) is a third-generation antipsychotic, functioning as a partial dopamine (D2/D3) and serotonin (5-HT1A) receptor agonist. It is used for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder (MDD) adjunctive treatment.
C. Haloperidol (Haldol) is a first-generation (typical) antipsychotic, not a third-generation antipsychotic. It works by strongly blocking D2 receptors, leading to a high risk of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) but lower metabolic side effects compared to atypical antipsychotics.
D. Aripiprazole (Abilify) is a third-generation antipsychotic, known for its partial dopamine (D2) agonist properties. It has a lower risk of EPS and metabolic side effects compared to second-generation antipsychotics and is used for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and adjunctive treatment in depression.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Nagasaki Anxiety Scale. There is no recognized Nagasaki Anxiety Scale used in clinical practice for diagnosing anxiety disorders.
B. Vanderbilt Anxiety Scale. The Vanderbilt Assessment Scale is primarily used for ADHD screening in children, not for anxiety disorders. It evaluates symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, along with comorbid behavioral issues.
C. Hamilton Anxiety Scale. The Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) is a widely used diagnostic tool for assessing the severity of anxiety symptoms. It evaluates somatic and psychological symptoms of anxiety, such as tension, fears, insomnia, and autonomic disturbances. It is commonly used in clinical and research settings to monitor treatment response.
D. Jarrad and Cesar Anxiety Scale. There is no known Jarrad and Cesar Anxiety Scale in psychological or psychiatric diagnostic testing, making it an invalid option for anxiety assessment.
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