Encopresis is best described as
Repeated passage of saliva into clothing.
Repeated passage of feces into clothing.
Repeated passage of rights.
Repeated voiding of urine into bed or clothing.
The Correct Answer is B
A. Repeated passage of saliva into clothing. There is no recognized disorder characterized by excessive saliva passage onto clothing. However, sialorrhea (excessive drooling) may occur in neurological conditions like cerebral palsy or as a side effect of medications like clozapine.
B. Repeated passage of feces into clothing. Encopresis is the repeated, involuntary or intentional passage of feces into inappropriate places, such as clothing or the floor, in children older than 4 years. It is often associated with chronic constipation, stool retention, and overflow incontinence, though it can also occur in response to emotional stress or behavioral issues.
C. Repeated passage of rights. This phrase does not correspond to any recognized medical or psychiatric condition.
D. Repeated voiding of urine into bed or clothing. This describes enuresis, not encopresis. Enuresis is the repeated involuntary or intentional voiding of urine into bed or clothing, occurring at least twice a week for three consecutive months in children older than 5 years. It can be nocturnal (night-time bedwetting), diurnal (daytime), or both.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Stabilization phase. The stabilization phase occurs after the acute phase, when psychotic symptoms begin to improve with treatment. During this phase, the focus is on reducing symptom severity, medication adjustment, and preventing relapse.
B. Maintenance phase. The maintenance phase follows stabilization and involves long-term management to prevent relapse. During this phase, symptoms are either in remission or significantly reduced, and the goal is to ensure medication adherence, therapy, and social reintegration.
C. Prodromal phase. The prodromal phase precedes the acute phase and is marked by early warning signs such as social withdrawal, decreased motivation, mild paranoia, and subtle cognitive changes. It may last weeks to years before full-blown psychotic symptoms appear.
D. Acute phase. The acute phase is the period of full-blown psychotic symptoms, including hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech, and impaired functioning. This is the most severe phase, often requiring hospitalization and intensive treatment to stabilize the patient.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Stereotypic movements. Repetitive motor behaviors, such as hand-flapping, rocking, and spinning, are characteristic of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). These stereotypic movements serve as self-stimulatory behaviors and may help regulate sensory input.
B. Restricted interest. Individuals with ASD often display intense, fixated interests in specific topics or objects (e.g., an obsession with maps, numbers, or train schedules). These restricted interests are highly focused and often interfere with daily functioning.
C. Social communication deficit. Impaired social interaction and communication are core features of ASD. Affected individuals struggle with understanding social cues, making eye contact, interpreting facial expressions, and engaging in reciprocal conversations.
D. Receptive language dysfunction. While language delays can be present in ASD, receptive language dysfunction (difficulty understanding spoken language) is more characteristic of specific language impairment (SLI) or aphasia rather than ASD. In ASD, deficits in pragmatic (social) communication are more pronounced than in purely receptive language processing.
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