Encopresis is best described as
Repeated passage of saliva into clothing.
Repeated passage of feces into clothing.
Repeated passage of rights.
Repeated voiding of urine into bed or clothing.
The Correct Answer is B
A. Repeated passage of saliva into clothing. There is no recognized disorder characterized by excessive saliva passage onto clothing. However, sialorrhea (excessive drooling) may occur in neurological conditions like cerebral palsy or as a side effect of medications like clozapine.
B. Repeated passage of feces into clothing. Encopresis is the repeated, involuntary or intentional passage of feces into inappropriate places, such as clothing or the floor, in children older than 4 years. It is often associated with chronic constipation, stool retention, and overflow incontinence, though it can also occur in response to emotional stress or behavioral issues.
C. Repeated passage of rights. This phrase does not correspond to any recognized medical or psychiatric condition.
D. Repeated voiding of urine into bed or clothing. This describes enuresis, not encopresis. Enuresis is the repeated involuntary or intentional voiding of urine into bed or clothing, occurring at least twice a week for three consecutive months in children older than 5 years. It can be nocturnal (night-time bedwetting), diurnal (daytime), or both.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Criminality. Criminal behavior is more characteristic of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) rather than histrionic personality disorder (HPD). Individuals with ASPD display persistent disregard for social norms, often engaging in deception, aggression, and illegal activities. In contrast, those with HPD focus on gaining attention through dramatic and emotionally expressive behavior, not criminal acts.
B. Dramatic. Individuals with HPD exhibit excessive emotionality and attention-seeking behaviors, often overreacting to minor situations. Their interactions tend to be theatrical, exaggerated, and highly expressive, driven by a deep need for validation. This dramatic presentation can make their emotions seem intense but superficial, affecting personal and professional relationships.
C. Center of attention. A key feature of HPD is the constant desire to be the center of attention, leading to excessive efforts to draw focus in social settings. They may use flirtation, provocative behavior, or exaggerated stories to remain the focal point. If attention shifts away, they may become distressed or act impulsively to regain it, often without considering long-term consequences.
D. Emotionally shallow. Despite their expressive and intense emotional displays, individuals with HPD often lack emotional depth and sincerity. Their emotions can rapidly shift and may seem inconsistent or exaggerated, making it difficult to form genuine, long-lasting relationships. This superficiality often stems from their reliance on external validation rather than internal emotional awareness.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Stabilization phase. The stabilization phase occurs after the acute phase, when psychotic symptoms begin to improve with treatment. During this phase, the focus is on reducing symptom severity, medication adjustment, and preventing relapse.
B. Maintenance phase. The maintenance phase follows stabilization and involves long-term management to prevent relapse. During this phase, symptoms are either in remission or significantly reduced, and the goal is to ensure medication adherence, therapy, and social reintegration.
C. Prodromal phase. The prodromal phase precedes the acute phase and is marked by early warning signs such as social withdrawal, decreased motivation, mild paranoia, and subtle cognitive changes. It may last weeks to years before full-blown psychotic symptoms appear.
D. Acute phase. The acute phase is the period of full-blown psychotic symptoms, including hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech, and impaired functioning. This is the most severe phase, often requiring hospitalization and intensive treatment to stabilize the patient.
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