All of the following are symptoms of disruptive mood disorder except.

A. Severe temper outbursts. Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD) is characterized by frequent, severe temper outbursts that are out of proportion to the situation. These outbursts can be verbal or physical and occur at least three times per week, persisting for one year or more.

B. Struggle to regulate emotions. Individuals with DMDD have difficulty managing emotions, particularly anger and frustration. This emotional dysregulation leads to persistent mood instability, which interferes with daily functioning at home, school, and in social settings.

C. Hyperactivity. Hyperactivity is not a core symptom of DMDD but is more commonly associated with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). While some children with DMDD may also have ADHD, DMDD primarily involves severe mood disturbances rather than impulsivity or excessive movement.

D. Chronic irritability. Persistent irritability is a hallmark of DMDD, with children and adolescents experiencing near-constant irritability between temper outbursts. Unlike episodic mood disorders like bipolar disorder, DMDD symptoms are chronic and ongoing without distinct mood episodes.

A. Adderall (amphetamine/dextroamphetamine) is a stimulant that increases dopamine and norepinephrine levels in the brain, improving focus and impulse control in individuals with ADHD. It is a Schedule II controlled substance due to its potential for abuse and dependence.

B. Strattera (atomoxetine) is a non-stimulant medication used for ADHD. It is a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (NRI) that helps with attention and impulse control but has a lower risk of abuse compared to stimulant medications. Unlike stimulants, it may take several weeks to show full effects.

C. Vyvanse (lisdexamfetamine) is a stimulant that is a prodrug of dextroamphetamine, meaning it must be metabolized in the body before becoming active. This mechanism provides a longer, smoother effect with a lower potential for abuse compared to immediate-release stimulants.

D. Ritalin (methylphenidate) is a stimulant that increases dopamine and norepinephrine activity in the brain, improving focus and impulse control. It is commonly used in both children and adults with ADHD and has short-acting, intermediate, and long-acting formulations.