Which of the following best describes excoriation disorder?
Recurrent eye plucking
Recurrent lip biting
Recurrent skin picking
Recurrent hair pulling
The Correct Answer is C
A. Recurrent eye plucking. There is no recognized disorder specifically involving eye plucking. However, repetitive behaviors targeting the eyes may be seen in severe body-focused repetitive behaviors (BFRBs) or obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)-related conditions.
B. Recurrent lip biting. While some individuals engage in compulsive lip biting, this behavior is not classified under excoriation disorder but may be part of body-focused repetitive behaviors (BFRBs) or impulse control disorders.
C. Recurrent skin picking. Excoriation disorder (dermatillomania) is a mental health condition characterized by compulsive skin picking, leading to tissue damage, infections, and scarring. It is classified under obsessive-compulsive and related disorders (OCRDs) in the DSM-5 and is often associated with anxiety, stress, or perfectionism.
D. Recurrent hair pulling. Trichotillomania (hair-pulling disorder) is a separate condition from excoriation disorder, involving compulsive hair pulling that results in noticeable hair loss. It is also classified under obsessive-compulsive and related disorders in the DSM-5.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Cesar's Assessment Scale. There is no widely recognized Cesar's Assessment Scale for diagnosing ADHD.
B. Hamilton Assessment Scale. The Hamilton scales (HAM-A and HAM-D) are used to assess anxiety and depression, not ADHD. They measure emotional symptoms, somatic complaints, and cognitive impairments associated with mood disorders.
C. Vanderbilt Assessment Scale. The Vanderbilt Assessment Scale is a validated tool used for ADHD diagnosis in children. It assesses inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity, and associated behavioral problems based on parent and teacher reports. It also screens for common comorbidities such as oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and anxiety disorders.
D. Columbia Assessment Scale. The Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) is used to assess suicidal ideation and behavior, not ADHD. It is primarily applied in psychiatric evaluations and crisis intervention settings.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Hallucinations are a core positive symptom of schizophrenia and involve false sensory perceptions without an external stimulus (e.g., hearing voices, seeing things that are not there). According to the DSM-5, hallucinations are one of the three essential symptoms that must be present for a diagnosis.
B. Delusions are fixed, false beliefs that persist despite evidence to the contrary (e.g., persecutory delusions, grandiose delusions). Delusions are a hallmark symptom of schizophrenia and are required as a diagnostic criterion if present.
C. Disorganized speech reflects disorganized thinking, a key symptom of schizophrenia. It includes incoherence, tangentiality, and word salad, demonstrating the cognitive dysfunction associated with the disorder. If disorganized speech is present, it fulfils one of the primary diagnostic criteria.
D. Negative symptoms such as avolition, anhedonia, alogia, and flat affect, are common in schizophrenia but are not required for diagnosis. According to the DSM-5, at least one of the following three symptoms hallucinations, delusions, or disorganized speech must be present to meet the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia.
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