All of the following are side effects of stimulants except
Tachycardia
Decreased appetite
Delayed growth
Drooling
The Correct Answer is D
A. Tachycardia. Stimulants (e.g., methylphenidate, amphetamines) increase dopamine and norepinephrine levels, leading to sympathetic nervous system activation. This can cause tachycardia, increased blood pressure, and palpitations, making cardiovascular monitoring important in patients taking stimulants.
B. Decreased appetite. Stimulants suppress appetite, often leading to weight loss and nutritional deficiencies in children and adolescents. This is due to their effect on the hypothalamus, which regulates hunger and satiety.
C. Delayed growth. Chronic stimulant use has been associated with temporary growth suppression in children, possibly due to reduced appetite and changes in growth hormone regulation. However, growth typically normalizes after drug holidays or discontinuation.
D. Drooling (sialorrhea) is not a side effect of stimulants. Instead, it is more commonly associated with antipsychotics like clozapine, which cause excessive salivation due to muscarinic receptor effects. Stimulants, if anything, may cause dry mouth rather than drooling.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Lurasidone (Latuda) is a second-generation (atypical) antipsychotic, not a third-generation antipsychotic. It primarily blocks dopamine (D2) and serotonin (5-HT2A) receptors and is used to treat schizophrenia and bipolar depression.
B. Cariprazine (Vraylar) is a third-generation antipsychotic, functioning as a partial dopamine (D2/D3) and serotonin (5-HT1A) receptor agonist. It is used for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder (MDD) adjunctive treatment.
C. Haloperidol (Haldol) is a first-generation (typical) antipsychotic, not a third-generation antipsychotic. It works by strongly blocking D2 receptors, leading to a high risk of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) but lower metabolic side effects compared to atypical antipsychotics.
D. Aripiprazole (Abilify) is a third-generation antipsychotic, known for its partial dopamine (D2) agonist properties. It has a lower risk of EPS and metabolic side effects compared to second-generation antipsychotics and is used for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and adjunctive treatment in depression.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Aripiprazole (Abilify) is a second-generation (atypical) antipsychotic with a lower risk of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) due to its partial dopamine agonist mechanism. It has a lower incidence of tardive dyskinesia and dystonia compared to typical antipsychotics.
B. Clozapine (Clozaril) has the lowest risk of EPS among antipsychotics because it weakly blocks D2 receptors and primarily targets serotonin (5-HT2A) receptors. However, it carries a high risk of agranulocytosis, sedation, and metabolic syndrome.
C. Lurasidone (Latuda) is a second-generation antipsychotic with a moderate risk of EPS, particularly akathisia (restlessness). However, it has a lower risk than first-generation (typical) antipsychotics like haloperidol.
D. Haloperidol (Haldol) is a first-generation (typical) antipsychotic with a high risk of EPS due to its strong dopamine (D2) receptor blockade. It is associated with dystonia, akathisia, parkinsonism, and tardive dyskinesia, making it the antipsychotic with the highest EPS risk in this list.
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