All of the following are true of swallowing (deglutition) except one. Select the statement that is NOT true of swallowing.
The voluntary phase of swallowing takes place within the mouth.
The epiglottis assists in propelling food into the trachea.
The involuntary portion of swallowing takes place in the pharynx.
The mouth, pharynx and esophagus all take part in swallowing.
The Correct Answer is B
A. The voluntary phase of swallowing takes place within the mouth: The oral phase is under voluntary control and involves tongue movement to push the bolus to the oropharynx.
B. The epiglottis assists in propelling food into the trachea: This is incorrect. The epiglottis prevents food from entering the trachea by covering the glottis during swallowing; it does not propel food.
C. The involuntary portion of swallowing takes place in the pharynx: After the oral phase, swallowing becomes involuntary, involving reflexive contractions of pharyngeal muscles.
D. The mouth, pharynx and esophagus all take part in swallowing: All three structures are involved in the three phases of deglutition: oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. It regulates the rate of filtrate formation: The juxtaglomerular complex (JGC) helps control glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by monitoring filtrate content and flow.
B. Its macula densa cells produce aldosterone: Macula densa cells sense sodium concentration but do not produce aldosterone. Aldosterone is secreted by the adrenal cortex.
C. Its granular cells produce renin: Granular (juxtaglomerular) cells release renin in response to low blood pressure or sodium.
D. It helps control systemic blood pressure: Through renin release and the RAAS system, the JGC helps regulate blood pressure.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Body’s water volume is high: When well-hydrated, ADH secretion is low, resulting in dilute (hypotonic) urine as the kidneys excrete excess water.
B. Body’s pH is low: This would affect acid-base balance, not urine tonicity directly.
C. Output of antidiuretic hormone is high: High ADH increases water reabsorption, leading to concentrated (hypertonic) urine.
D. Output of natriuretic peptides is high: These promote Na⁺ and water loss, but hypotonic urine isn't guaranteed.
E. Person is lost and deprived of drinking water: In dehydration, ADH increases, and urine becomes concentrated, not hypotonic.
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