All of the following are true of swallowing (deglutition) except one. Select the statement that is NOT true of swallowing.
The voluntary phase of swallowing takes place within the mouth.
The epiglottis assists in propelling food into the trachea.
The involuntary portion of swallowing takes place in the pharynx.
The mouth, pharynx and esophagus all take part in swallowing.
The Correct Answer is B
A. The voluntary phase of swallowing takes place within the mouth: The oral phase is under voluntary control and involves tongue movement to push the bolus to the oropharynx.
B. The epiglottis assists in propelling food into the trachea: This is incorrect. The epiglottis prevents food from entering the trachea by covering the glottis during swallowing; it does not propel food.
C. The involuntary portion of swallowing takes place in the pharynx: After the oral phase, swallowing becomes involuntary, involving reflexive contractions of pharyngeal muscles.
D. The mouth, pharynx and esophagus all take part in swallowing: All three structures are involved in the three phases of deglutition: oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is E
Explanation
A. The gastrocolic reflex: Triggered by food entering the stomach, it stimulates mass movement in the colon.
B. The duodenocolic reflex: Triggered by chyme entering the duodenum, this reflex stimulates colon contractions.
C. Chyme filling the duodenum: This activates the duodenocolic reflex, promoting mass movement.
D. Chyme filling the stomach: This activates the gastrocolic reflex.
E. The colorectal reflex: This reflex is involved in the defecation process-it responds to rectal filling, not in initiating mass movement in the colon. It is not a trigger for mass movement.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Decrease in the concentration of the blood plasma: A decrease in plasma concentration (hypoosmolarity) suppresses ADH, leading to less water reabsorption.
B. Decrease in the production of ADH: This would reduce water permeability of the collecting ducts.
C. Increase in the production of aldosterone: Aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption, not water permeability.
D. Increase in the production of ADH: ADH (vasopressin) increases aquaporin insertion into collecting duct membranes, enhancing water reabsorption and increasing permeability.
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