The surface of the tongue is covered with
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A. Keratinized; lingual papillae: The dorsal surface of the tongue is lined with keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, especially in areas subject to friction, and contains lingual papillae that house taste buds.
B. Keratinized; lingual frenulum: The lingual frenulum is the fold under the tongue, not a bump or papilla.
C. Nonkeratinized; lingual papillae: The top of the tongue is typically keratinized, not nonkeratinized, due to exposure to friction.
D. Nonkeratinized; tonsils: Tonsils are not part of the tongue's surface epithelium and don’t contain taste buds.
E. Nonkeratinized; vallate papillae: Vallate papillae are a type of lingual papillae, but the overall surface is keratinized, not nonkeratinized.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Lysozyme: Lysozyme is present in saliva and has antibacterial properties, breaking down bacterial cell walls.
B. Urea and uric acid: These waste products are found in saliva in small amounts.
C. Electrolytes: Saliva contains electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, and bicarbonate.
D. Protease: Proteases (like pepsin or trypsin) are not present in saliva; they are found in the stomach and small intestine.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Involves hypothalamic osmoreceptor detection of ion concentration: Osmoreceptors detect osmolarity (solute concentration), not specifically sodium regulation.
B. Is due to specific sodium receptors in the hypothalamus: There are no specific sodium receptors; sodium regulation is largely hormonal.
C. Is linked to blood pressure: Sodium levels affect blood volume and pressure through water retention. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) helps regulate both sodium and blood pressure.
D. Involves aldosterone, a hormone that increases sodium excretion in the kidneys: Aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption, not excretion.
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