In the case of edema, excess fluid is held in which fluid compartment(s)?
intracellular fluid
interstitial fluid
intracellular fluid and interstitial fluid
blood plasma
The Correct Answer is B
A. Intracellular fluid: Intracellular fluid is inside the cells. Edema refers to fluid accumulation outside the cells, so this is incorrect.
B. Interstitial fluid: Edema is caused by the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space, which is the space between cells in tissues.
C. Intracellular fluid and interstitial fluid: Edema is confined to the interstitial (extracellular) compartment, not intracellular.
D. Blood plasma: Although fluid may move from the plasma into the interstitial space, edema refers to fluid retention in tissues, not in the blood plasma.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) will decrease: Low MAP leads to reduced renal perfusion, and until compensatory mechanisms restore pressure, GFR will drop.
B. Net filtration pressure (NFP) will decrease: Low systemic pressure leads to low glomerular hydrostatic pressure, resulting in lower NFP.
C. Blood plasma and extracellular fluids volume will increase: The RAAS pathway, triggered by renin, leads to aldosterone and ADH release, promoting sodium and water retention, thereby increasing fluid volume.
D. Kidney perfusion will increase: Perfusion decreases when MAP is below 80 mmHg, and renin is released because of reduced perfusion, not increased.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Nitrogen: Nitrogen is a gas and a component of proteins and nucleic acids, but it does not function as a buffer system in the body.
B. Bicarbonate: The bicarbonate buffer system is the primary buffer system in the extracellular fluid, regulating blood pH.
C. Phosphate: The phosphate buffer system operates mainly in the intracellular fluid and renal tubules.
D. Protein: Proteins, especially hemoglobin, act as buffers by binding or releasing hydrogen ions.
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