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All of these side effects of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB$) except:

A.

Headache

B.

Dizziness

C.

Constipation

D.

Hypotension

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A) Headache:
Headache is a known side effect of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), such as losartan, valsartan, and olmesartan. These medications can cause headaches due to their vasodilatory effects, which can lead to changes in blood pressure and blood flow. While not everyone will experience this side effect, it is considered relatively common.

B) Dizziness:
Dizziness is another common side effect of ARBs. As ARBs cause vasodilation by blocking the angiotensin II receptors, they can lower blood pressure, leading to dizziness or lightheadedness, especially when standing up quickly. This is particularly noticeable in patients who are elderly or who are on multiple antihypertensive medications.

C) Constipation:
Constipation is not a typical side effect of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). While some medications, especially calcium channel blockers and certain opioid analgesics, are more commonly associated with constipation, ARBs do not have this effect. ARBs primarily affect the vascular system and the kidneys, and constipation is not generally a side effect.

D) Hypotension:
Hypotension (low blood pressure) is a common side effect of ARBs. Since these medications relax blood vessels and decrease blood pressure by blocking the effects of angiotensin II, they can lead to a drop in blood pressure, particularly in the first few days of treatment or when starting therapy. This can result in symptoms like dizziness or fainting, especially when changing positions (postural hypotension).


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Given:
Volume of fluid: 500 mL
Infusion time: 12 hours

Formula:
Flow rate (mL/hr) = Volume (mL) / Time (hr)

Step 1: Calculate the flow rate in mL/hr:
Flow rate (mL/hr) = 500 mL / 12 hr
Flow rate (mL/hr) = 41.66666667 mL/hr

Step 2: Round to the nearest whole number:
Flow rate (mL/hr) ≈ 42 mL/hr

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Given:

Desired dose of Vistaril: 15 mg

Concentration of Vistaril: 50 mg/mL

Step 1: Set up the proportion:

Desired dose (mg) / Volume to administer (mL) = Concentration (mg/mL)

Step 2: Substitute the values:

15 mg / Volume = 50 mg/mL

Step 3: Solve for the unknown volume:

Volume = 15 mg / 50 mg/mL

Step 4: Calculate the volume:

Volume = 0.3 mL

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