Although the signs and symptoms of both infection and inflammation include erythema, edema, and pain, the major difference is that inflammation:

A. Dizziness, especially when rising from a sitting position – Dizziness is a subjective symptom reported by the patient rather than an objectively observed sign.

B. Blood pressure 145/84 – Blood pressure is an objective measurement and is considered a sign because it can be directly observed and recorded.

C. Unexplained weight gain since his last clinic visit 1 month ago – Weight gain is a measurable and observable change, making it a sign, especially in conditions like heart failure.

D. Exertional dyspnea – Exertional dyspnea (shortness of breath with activity) is a subjective experience reported by the patient, making it a symptom rather than a sign.

E. Has been sleeping on 2 pillows for the past 2 weeks – The need for multiple pillows to relieve breathing difficulty (orthopnea) is a subjective symptom, not an observable sign.

F. 2+ edema in J.M.'s legs – Edema (swelling) is an observable physical finding, making it a sign. It is commonly associated with heart failure and fluid retention.

A. Exudate – Exudate is fluid rich in proteins and cells that escapes from blood vessels due to inflammation or injury.

B. Pus – Pus is a thick, yellowish-white exudate containing dead cells and bacteria, specifically associated with infection.

C. Drainage – Drainage is a general term for any fluid leaving the body, including exudate, blood, or serous fluid.

D. Discharge – Discharge is a broader term referring to any material exiting the body, including normal secretions and infectious material.