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Which clinical findings are consistent with hypocalcemia? (Select all that apply)

Constipation

Trousseau's sign

Positive Chvostek's sign

Muscle spasms

Shortened QT interval

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,C,D

(A) Constipation: Hypocalcemia causes increased GI motility, leading to diarrhea, not constipation.

(B) Trousseau's sign: Carpal spasm when inflating a BP cuff is a classic sign of hypocalcemia.

(C) Positive Chvostek’s sign: Facial twitching when tapping the facial nerve suggests hypocalcemia.

(D) Muscle spasms: Hypocalcemia increases neuromuscular excitability, leading to spasms and cramps.

(E) Shortened QT interval: Hypocalcemia prolongs the QT interval, while hypercalcemia shortens it.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

(A) Decreased Skin Turgor: Seen in dehydration, not fluid overload.

(B) Jugular Venous Distension (JVD): A classic sign of fluid overload due to increased central venous pressure and right-sided heart strain.

(C) Hypotension: Overload causes hypertension, not hypotension.

(D) Dry Mucous Membranes: Seen in dehydration

A. Obtain a urine specimen B. Administer prescribed analgesics C. Encourage oral fluids D. Prepare the patient for surgery

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

(A) Obtain a urine specimen: Important for diagnosis but not the priority over pain management.

(B) Administer prescribed analgesics: Pain relief is the priority in acute urolithiasis, as renal colic is excruciating.

(C) Encourage oral fluids: Helps prevent further stone formation but is secondary to pain relief.

(D) Prepare the patient for surgery: Surgery is only indicated for large, obstructing stones, not a first-line intervention.

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Which clinical findings are consistent with hypocalcemia? (Select all that apply)

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