Which clinical findings are consistent with hypocalcemia? (Select all that apply)
Constipation
Trousseau's sign
Positive Chvostek's sign
Muscle spasms
Shortened QT interval
Correct Answer : B,C,D
(A) Constipation: Hypocalcemia causes increased GI motility, leading to diarrhea, not constipation.
(B) Trousseau's sign: Carpal spasm when inflating a BP cuff is a classic sign of hypocalcemia.
(C) Positive Chvostek’s sign: Facial twitching when tapping the facial nerve suggests hypocalcemia.
(D) Muscle spasms: Hypocalcemia increases neuromuscular excitability, leading to spasms and cramps.
(E) Shortened QT interval: Hypocalcemia prolongs the QT interval, while hypercalcemia shortens it.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
(A) Sickle Cell Anemia: Follows incomplete dominance, where the heterozygous trait has a milder phenotype.
(B) Huntington’s Disease: Follows autosomal dominant inheritance, not co-dominance.
(C) Marfan Syndrome: Is an autosomal dominant disorder, not co-dominance.
(D) ABO Blood Type Inheritance: Co-dominance means both alleles are fully expressed. In ABO blood types, a person with AB blood has both A and B antigens expressed equally.
Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","E"]
Explanation
(A) Thirst: The body increases thirst to compensate for high sodium levels and prevent dehydration.
(B) Seizures: Severe hypernatremia causes neurological symptoms like seizures due to cerebral dehydration.
(C) Dry Mucous Membranes: Water loss leads to dry oral mucosa.
(E) Muscle Weakness: Electrolyte imbalances affect neuromuscular function, leading to weakness.
(D) Bradycardia: Hypernatremia is more likely to cause tachycardia due to dehydration and hypovolemia.
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