Which clinical findings are consistent with hypocalcemia? (Select all that apply)
Constipation
Trousseau's sign
Positive Chvostek's sign
Muscle spasms
Shortened QT interval
Correct Answer : B,C,D
(A) Constipation: Hypocalcemia causes increased GI motility, leading to diarrhea, not constipation.
(B) Trousseau's sign: Carpal spasm when inflating a BP cuff is a classic sign of hypocalcemia.
(C) Positive Chvostek’s sign: Facial twitching when tapping the facial nerve suggests hypocalcemia.
(D) Muscle spasms: Hypocalcemia increases neuromuscular excitability, leading to spasms and cramps.
(E) Shortened QT interval: Hypocalcemia prolongs the QT interval, while hypercalcemia shortens it.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
(A) Tetany: Hypocalcemia increases neuromuscular excitability, leading to muscle cramps, spasms, and tetany (involuntary muscle contractions).
(B) Hypertension: Hypocalcemia does not directly cause hypertension; it may lead to hypotension.
(C) Constipation: Hypercalcemia, not hypocalcemia, causes constipation.
(D) Polyuria: Hypercalcemia leads to polyuria, while hypocalcemia does not.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
(A) Include foods rich in potassium in the diet: Torsemide is a loop diuretic, which increases potassium excretion and may cause hypokalemia, requiring potassium supplementation.
(B) Increase calcium-rich foods: Torsemide primarily affects potassium, not calcium.
(C) Restrict fluid intake to 500 mL/day: Fluid restrictions may be necessary in severe heart failure, but 500 mL/day is too restrictive unless specifically indicated.
(D) Restrict foods rich in potassium in the diet: Torsemide causes potassium loss, not retention, so restricting potassium would worsen hypokalemia.
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