Which clinical findings are consistent with hypocalcemia? (Select all that apply)
Constipation
Trousseau's sign
Positive Chvostek's sign
Muscle spasms
Shortened QT interval
Correct Answer : B,C,D
(A) Constipation: Hypocalcemia causes increased GI motility, leading to diarrhea, not constipation.
(B) Trousseau's sign: Carpal spasm when inflating a BP cuff is a classic sign of hypocalcemia.
(C) Positive Chvostek’s sign: Facial twitching when tapping the facial nerve suggests hypocalcemia.
(D) Muscle spasms: Hypocalcemia increases neuromuscular excitability, leading to spasms and cramps.
(E) Shortened QT interval: Hypocalcemia prolongs the QT interval, while hypercalcemia shortens it.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
(A) Tetany: Hypocalcemia increases neuromuscular excitability, leading to muscle cramps, spasms, and tetany (involuntary muscle contractions).
(B) Hypertension: Hypocalcemia does not directly cause hypertension; it may lead to hypotension.
(C) Constipation: Hypercalcemia, not hypocalcemia, causes constipation.
(D) Polyuria: Hypercalcemia leads to polyuria, while hypocalcemia does not.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
(A) Sodium: Thiazide diuretics can lower sodium, but hyponatremia does not directly affect digoxin toxicity.
(B) Magnesium: Magnesium is important for cardiac function but not as directly linked to digoxin toxicity as potassium.
(C) Calcium: Thiazides can cause hypercalcemia, but calcium does not significantly affect digoxin toxicity.
(D) Potassium: Thiazide diuretics (e.g., hydrochlorothiazide) cause potassium loss, which increases the risk of digoxin toxicity. Hypokalemia sensitizes the heart to digoxin’s effects, leading to arrhythmias.
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