An increase of which of the following is a characteristic of respiratory alkalosis?
K+
HCO3
pH
Ca2+
The Correct Answer is C
A. K+ levels typically decrease in respiratory alkalosis due to cellular shifts in potassium as the body compensates for the pH change.
B. HCO3 (bicarbonate) levels initially decrease as a compensatory mechanism to counteract the increased pH, but it is not a direct characteristic of respiratory alkalosis.
C. pH increases in respiratory alkalosis as a result of hyperventilation, which causes excessive exhalation of CO2, leading to a higher blood pH (alkalosis).
D. Ca2+ (calcium) levels can be affected by pH changes, but a decrease in ionized calcium is more commonly seen in alkalosis, not an increase.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Myelin is a fatty substance that wraps around axons in many neurons. It acts as an insulative covering that speeds up the transmission of nerve impulses by enabling the signal to jump between gaps in the myelin (called nodes of Ranvier). This is the correct answer.
B. The synapse is the junction between two neurons where signals are transmitted. It is not involved in the insulative covering of a neuron.
C. The axon is the long, slender part of a neuron that transmits electrical signals, but it requires myelin to efficiently conduct those signals.
D. Dendrites are branched extensions of a neuron that receive signals from other neurons. They do not have an insulative function.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. The minor calyx collects urine from the renal papillae (tips of the renal pyramids), but it is not the structure immediately before the ureter. It connects to the major calyx.
B. Renal pyramids are structures within the kidney that contain the renal tubules and are involved in the filtration and excretion process. However, they do not directly connect to the ureter.
C. The major calyx is a larger collecting area formed by the union of several minor calyces. It channels urine into the renal pelvis but is not directly before the ureter.
D. The renal pelvis is the funnel-shaped structure that collects urine from the major calyces and funnels it into the ureter. It is the anatomical structure immediately before the ureter, which then carries urine to the bladder.
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