An infection control nurse is teaching a class about the transmission of infectious agents. The nurse should include that which of the following diseases is transmitted via airborne transmission? (Select All that Apply.)

Choice A Reason:

A healthy stoma should be pink or red, not purple. A purple stoma could indicate compromised blood flow and requires immediate medical attention.

Choice B Reason:

A sigmoid colostomy typically produces formed stool because it is located in the lower part of the colon, where water absorption occurs.

Choice C Reason:

The stoma itself should not be painful after the procedure. Pain may indicate complications such as infection or improper stoma care.

Choice D Reason:

This is the correct answer. A sigmoid colostomy is usually located in the left lower abdomen, as this is where the sigmoid colon is situated.

Choice A Reason: Pupillary dilation

Pupillary dilation can be a sign of increased intracranial pressure or brain injury, which are potential complications following a motor vehicle accident with a loss of consciousness. Assessing for changes in pupil size and reactivity is crucial in identifying neurological impairments that may require immediate intervention.

Choice B Reason: Persistent headache

A persistent headache is a common symptom following a traumatic brain injury (TBI) or concussion. It can indicate ongoing issues such as intracranial bleeding or increased intracranial pressure. Monitoring the severity and duration of the headache is important for determining the need for further medical evaluation and treatment.

Choice C Reason: Presence of hand tremors

Hand tremors are not typically associated with acute brain injuries resulting from a motor vehicle accident. They are more commonly linked to conditions such as Parkinson’s disease, essential tremor, or other neurological disorders. While tremors should be noted, they are not a primary concern in the context of post-accident assessment.

Choice D Reason: Difficulty waking

Difficulty waking, or altered level of consciousness, is a significant indicator of potential brain injury or increased intracranial pressure. It is essential to monitor the client’s level of consciousness closely, as changes can signal worsening neurological status and the need for urgent medical intervention.

Choice E Reason: Foot drop

Foot drop is a condition characterized by difficulty lifting the front part of the foot, often due to nerve damage or muscle weakness. While it can occur in the context of neurological injury, it is not a primary manifestation to assess for immediately following a motor vehicle accident with a loss of consciousness. The focus should be on more acute signs of brain injury.