An infection control nurse is teaching a class about the transmission of infectious agents. The nurse should include that which of the following diseases is transmitted via airborne transmission? (Select All that Apply.)

Choice A Reason: Superficial palpation

Superficial palpation is typically performed after auscultation to avoid altering bowel sounds. It involves gently pressing on the abdomen to detect tenderness, masses, or other abnormalities. This step helps in identifying areas that may require deeper examination.

Choice B Reason: Auscultation

Auscultation is performed after inspection and before palpation to listen to bowel sounds without interference. Using a stethoscope, the nurse listens for the presence, frequency, and character of bowel sounds. This step is crucial as palpation can stimulate bowel activity, potentially leading to inaccurate findings.

Choice C Reason: Inspection

Inspection is the first step in an abdominal assessment. The nurse visually examines the abdomen for any abnormalities such as distension, scars, or discoloration. This step provides initial information about the child’s abdominal health and helps guide the subsequent steps of the assessment.

Choice D Reason: Deep palpation

Deep palpation is performed last to assess the deeper structures of the abdomen. This step involves applying more pressure to feel for masses, organ size, and tenderness. It is important to perform this step last to avoid causing discomfort or altering the findings of the other assessment steps.

Choice A Reason:

Encouraging the client to bear down is not an appropriate response to abdominal cramps during an enema. Bearing down can increase discomfort and does not address the underlying cause of the cramps.

Choice B Reason:

Stopping the enema and documenting that the client did not tolerate the procedure is not the best initial action. While it is important to document the client’s response, there are other steps that can be taken to alleviate the discomfort before stopping the procedure entirely.

Choice C Reason:

This is the correct answer. Lowering the height of the solution container will reduce the flow rate of the enema solution, which can help alleviate abdominal cramps. A slower flow rate is less likely to cause cramping and discomfort.

Choice D Reason:

Allowing the client to expel some fluid before continuing can help relieve discomfort, but it is not the most immediate or effective action. Adjusting the flow rate by lowering the height of the solution container is a more direct way to address the issue.